Volume 12 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

The criminal law undergoes sea changes with the passage of time. The old criminal laws were based on the philosophy of Dharma, Tradition and Customary Practices. During the British period it was based on will and whelm of British philosophy to suppress and punish the people. The provisions under Indian Penal Code, 1860 (hereinafter IPC) inclined more towards punishment rather than reformation. With the introduction of various international convention on Human Rights and constitutional provisions these laws undergone rapid change. In 2023 new law was introduced as Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (hereinafter BNS). The new philosophical journey is started from punishment to Nyaya. The modern changes in BNS significantly shape the new philosophy of criminal law. The main focus of BNS is on the restorative justice. In other words, one can say it is paradigm shift from punishment to Nyaya. The emphasis on social justice, proportionality, fairness, and human rights characterizes the modern criminal law doctrine. It aims to develop a criminal justice system that is more egalitarian and just while taking into account the problems of the 21st century. The concept behind criminal law will surely continue to change and adapt as society does in order to suit the ever-changing demands of both individuals and communities. In this article the researcher will discuss the principles of restorative justice models that prioritize rehabilitation of offender and victim instead of punishment. Secondly, the major changes and challenges occur due to introduction of this new laws.

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Philosophy of Criminal Law, BNS, IPC, Nyaya, criminal justice system, Punishment

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Darchini, commonly known as cinnamon, holds a significant place in traditional systems of medicine, including Unani Medicine. This aromatic spice has been utilized for centuries in Unani Medicine, an ancient healing system based on the teachings of Greek physician Hippocrates and further developed by renowned scholars such as Avicenna. In recent years, scientific research has shed light on the diverse pharmacological properties of cinnamon, including its antioxidant, immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, nephroprotective, neuroprotective, anticancer, cardiovascular, antimicrobial, wound healing etc., effects. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the traditional uses and therapeutic potential of Darchini within the framework of Unani Medicine, highlighting its applications in managing various health conditions. Additionally, this review aims to bridge the traditional knowledge of Unani Medicine with contemporary scientific findings to enhance the understanding and utilization of Darchini in modern healthcare practices.

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Darchini; Unani Medicine; traditional Medicine; Therapeutic importance

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ABSTRACT: The prevalence of Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is 0.86 per 1000 children. Subcutaneous nodules have been reported in 5% to 10% of children with JIA. Approximately 90% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and subcutaneous nodules test positive for rheumatoid factor (RF), and approximately 40% of all RF-seropositive patients with RA have subcutaneous nodules, whereas only 6% involvement is seen in seronegative cases. We hereby report a case of atypical Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in a 6 year old, female child with joint pain & myalgia along with subcutaneous nodules over the dorsum of feet, hands and elbows. Joint pain initially involving the left ankle, slowly progressed to involve the knee, shoulder, wrist, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints over a period of one year. Joint involvement was not symmetric. RF was Negative. Fundoscopy examination was normal. Histopathological examination revealed a central zone of Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by epithelioid histiocytes and occasional lymphocytes. Differential diagnosis of Rheumatoid Nodule (RN) or Subcutaneous Granuloma Annulare (SGA) or Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum(NLD) was made. In light of clinicopathological findings, both SGA and NLD were ruled out and the diagnosis of Juvenile idiopathic arthritis presenting as RF-negative polyarthritis was made.

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juvenile idiopathic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid nodule

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Purpose: This study aimed to assess visual outcomes and the safety profile of iris-claw intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in aphakic patients lacking capsular support, with an emphasis on improvements in visual acuity and postoperative complications. Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted involving 104 aphakic patients aged 40-80 years who underwent iris-claw IOL implantation at a tertiary care center. Preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded. Postoperative complications were noted, and patient satisfaction was evaluated at the 28-day follow-up. Results: Postoperative UCVA improved significantly, with 38.5% of patients achieving 6/6-6/12 vision by day 28. BCVA also improved, with 57.7% of patients reaching 6/6-6/12. The mean IOP decreased from 15.2 mmHg preoperatively to 12.6 mmHg postoperatively. Minor complications, such as increased IOP and cystoid macular edema (CME), occurred in 6.7% and 4.8% of patients, respectively. No major vision-threatening complications were observed, and 91.3% of patients had favorable safety outcomes. Conclusion: Iris-claw IOL implantation demonstrated significant improvements in visual outcomes and a low rate of complications, making it a viable option for managing aphakia in patients without capsular support. 1.INTRODUCTION Aphakia, the absence of the eye's natural lens, often results from complications during cataract surgery or trauma, leading to significant visual impairment if not properly managed. Globally, cataracts remain a leading cause of reversible blindness, with aphakia being a major consequence in patients where posterior capsular support is compromised. In such cases, primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation during cataract surgery may not be feasible, necessitating secondary interventions to restore vision. The advent of iris-claw IOLs has provided a reliable solution for aphakic patients, offering the benefits of stable fixation without requiring capsular support. Unlike scleral-fixated or anterior chamber IOLs, iris-claw lenses are attached to the mid-peripheral iris, ensuring minimal impact on the corneal endothelium and reducing the risk of postoperative complications such as pupil distortion or angle closure.1,2 Although numerous studies have explored the efficacy of various secondary IOL implantation techniques, the safety and visual outcomes of iris-claw IOLs, particularly when fixated retropupillarily, warrant further investigation.3 This study aims to evaluate the visual outcomes, intraocular pressure changes, and complication rates following iris-claw IOL implantation in aphakic patients at a tertiary care center.

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Iris claw ,retro pupillary,capsular support, posterior capsular rupture

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The British Raj in India wasn't just about political and economic control. It was a full-fledged assault on the very soul of the nation, its rich cultural tapestry, and its deeply rooted traditions. This paper delves into the multifaceted struggles that unfolded in response to this cultural intrusion. We will explore the rise of a vibrant intellectual community that emerged as a bulwark against colonial hegemony, fostering social consciousness and laying the groundwork for the Indian independence movement.

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Culture, Hegemony, Social Consciousness, colonial India

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The connotation of "best practices", as used by the NAAC, is broader. According to NAAC 'best practices are quality enhancing academic/ administrative/ infrastructural strategies adopted by highly accredited institutions of higher learning in the present instance'. Best practices are those which add value to human life and support the main cause of an institution. Institutions undertake different types of best practices as per their institutional environment and try to bring about innovations and new ideas. Emphasis on the use of technology has become the driving force in today's education system. This paper will show the best practices adopted by the college libraries.

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Best Practices, Library, College Library

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This essay explores Shakespeare's King Lear through the lens of Vedantic philosophy, focusing on the journey toward self-realization, the stripping away of ego (ahamkara), and the quest for true identity (Atman). By analyzing Lear's identity crisis, the symbolic storm scene, and the contrasting fates of his daughters and Gloucester's sons, the essay examines how themes of maya (illusion), karma, and dharma shape the characters' paths. Ultimately, Lear's question, "Who is it that can tell me who I am?" reflects the Vedantic search for liberation (moksha) through self-awareness and wisdom.

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King Lear, Vedanta, Atman, Ahamkara, Maya, Karma, Dharma, Moksha, Jnana Yoga, Self-realization

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The gig economy is a rapidly evolving sector that is transforming the women labour market in India-it tries to examine the growth of the gig economy in India, its opportunities and challenges and the policy implications for the Indian economy-Using data from various sources like government reports, research studies and industry surveys, the paper analyzes the Scope of gig economy in the process of empowerment of women in India, Issues faced by gig women, Challenges in Providing Social Security to gig Workers, Ensuring social security of gig women workers.

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Policy implication, gig economy, social security, challenges empowerment.

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This project focuses on the design and implementation of a battery energy storage system (BESS) system aimed at providing reliable backup power during outages. The proposed battery energy storage system (BESS) utilizes a lithium-ion battery pack to ensure a compact and efficient energy source, capable of delivering stable voltage levels to connected devices. The system features an automatic switching mechanism that seamlessly transitions from main power to battery backup, minimizing downtime and preventing data loss in critical applications. The project incorporates a microcontroller for monitoring battery status, load management, and fault detection. Additionally, a user-friendly interface displays real-time information on battery health, charging status, and estimated runtime. Safety features, including overcharge protection and temperature regulation, enhance reliability and longevity. By addressing common challenges in power management, this battery energy storage system (BESS) project aims to support various applications, including home electronics, medical devices, and industrial equipment, ensuring continuous operation and safeguarding sensitive systems against power disruptions.

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(BESS)

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Menstruation is an essential phenomenon of girls life. She undergoes various physiological and psychological changes during this phase of life. Menstruation is considered unclean in India , and young girls are not allowed to undertake home chores or engage in religious or cultural events during their menstruation. The research paper focusses on health and hygienic practices during menstrual in puberty period. The objective of the study was to find the knowledge and hygienic practices regarding menstruation among the puberty girls and to assess the restriction practiced by girls during menstrual. This study was carried out in urban area of Berhampur city of Ganjam district . It is observed from this study that the need to encourage safe and hygienic practices among the puberty period of girls, and bring them out of traditional beliefs, misconceptions, and restrictions regarding menstruation. It was also observed that during menstruation, the majority of girls are still subjected to various restrictions. So, mother should encourage their daughter to maintain personal hygiene practices. It is also essential for the teachers to teach girls about healthy hygienic practices during menstruation period. World Menstrual Hygiene Day is observed on May 28 to educate women about the importance of this hygiene.

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Health, Hygienic, Puberty, Menarche

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