Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

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Kangaroo Mother Care; Knowledge; Nursing Practice; Staff Nurses; Neonatal Care; Low Birth Weight; Preterm Infant.

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The objective of the present pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Karanj Taila in the management of Garbhini Kikkis and to observe its effects on itching, dryness, discoloration, and skin elasticity during pregnancy.

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Garbhini Kikkis; Stria Gravidarum; Karanj Taila; Pregnancy Dermatoses; Ayurvedic External Therapy

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Childhood history is a developing topic that sheds light on earlier societies and how they relate to contemporary concerns. It also adds to a vibrant, multidisciplinary conversation regarding the nature of childhood and how it differs by geography, socioeconomic class, and gender. While commonly regarded as a natural and timeless stage of life, childhood has always been a dynamic and culturally produced experience. Theorists have been interested in the unusual nature of human development, which has evolved over a protracted period of reliance known as childhood. The article investigates how different communities have defined childhood, allocated roles to children, and structured their upbringing and education over time and across locations. The research explores the role of children in ancient societies, looking at early modern education and labour transitions, medieval Christian perspectives on sin and innocence, and the effects of the Industrial Revolution on children's employment and education. Developments of the 20th century are also examined, including mass education, child psychology, the debate over global rights, and consumer and digital childhoods. It draws attention to how childhood is socially constructed and relevant in discussions of identity, family, rights, and labour. Studies later viewed childhood as a significant stage in human psychological development. Religious beliefs, women's movements, and urbanisation and industrialisation influence these shifts.

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Childhood, children, ancient societies, family, revolution, labour, industrial revolution

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Correctional facilities have sought to find a balance between the goals of punishment and the goals of rehabilitation for a long time. The programs offered by an institution are dependent upon the behavior of the offenders, the safety of the staff and the safety of the community. After reviewing the theory and empirical consistencies related to correctional intervention, this paper provides an overview of rehabilitation and programming within adult and juvenile facilities. Cognitive-behavioural programs, vocational/educational programs, therapeutic communities, and risk-need-responsivity are highlighted. Arguments are made that efforts to examine what makes corrections effective should focus less on whether programming works, and more on issues related to program fidelity, appropriate offender classification, and strength of institutional culture. Structural obstacles to rehabilitation such as overcrowding, staff shortages, and prison-induced crime are discussed. Intervention models showing promise are described including trauma-informed care and re-entry case management. Opportunities for reducing recidivism through correctional intervention exist but are only effective if services are matched to risk and need, implemented properly, and linked to community programming upon release.

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Correctional, Punishment, Rehabilitation, Offender, Juvenile, Cognitive-behavioural, Vocational, Therapeutic, Trauma-Informed

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Aamavata is an important Ayurvedic disorder marked by joint pain, stiffness, swelling, heaviness, loss of appetite, and systemic symptoms due to Ama and aggravated Vata. Its clinical features closely resemble rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Although RA is mainly managed with DMARDs, medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties may offer complementary options. Vidhara, scientifically known as Argyreia speciosa Sweet. (Convolvulaceae), is a traditionally used Ayurvedic plant with reported analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, particularly in root preparations.

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Argyreia speciosa; Vidhara; Vrudhadaruka; Aamavata; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Phytochemistry; Anti-inflammatory; Immunomodulatory; Analgesic; Ayurveda.

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The rapid advancement of information and communication technologies has fundamentally transformed the functioning of public administration across the world. In India, e-governance has emerged as a key instrument for improving administrative efficiency, promoting transparency, strengthening accountability, and delivering citizen-centric public services. This study examines the implementation of e-governance initiatives within the Shivamogga District Administration of Karnataka. It evaluates the contribution of major digital platforms and services in enhancing administrative performance and facilitating access to government services. The study adopts a descriptive research design based on primary and secondary sources of information to assess public awareness, service utilization, and administrative outcomes. The findings indicate that digital governance has simplified service delivery, reduced procedural delays, and increased transparency in government operations. However, challenges such as limited digital literacy, inadequate rural connectivity, infrastructural constraints, and the need for continuous capacity building continue to affect the effective implementation of e-governance. The study concludes that sustained investment in digital infrastructure, citizen awareness, and institutional capacity is essential for strengthening district-level digital governance and achieving inclusive public administration.

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E-Governance, Digital Governance, Public Administration, Shivamogga District, Citizen Services, ICT, Karnataka.

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Pulmonary drug delivery is an effective non-invasive approach for treating local and systemic diseases by delivering drugs directly to the lungs. The lungs' large surface area, rich vascularization, thin alveolar membrane, and avoidance of first-pass metabolism enable rapid absorption, enhanced bioavailability, reduced systemic side effects, and improved patient compliance. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are widely used because of their stability and convenience. Various techniques, including spray drying, spray freeze drying, freeze drying, solvent evaporation, supercritical fluid technology, and emulsification, are used to prepare inhalable microparticles, with spray drying being the most preferred due to its ability to produce particles with suitable aerodynamic properties for deep lung deposition. These microparticles are characterized by FTIR, DSC, SEM, particle size analysis, zeta potential, micromeritic properties, drug loading, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and aerosol performance. Natural, synthetic, and biodegradable polymers are used to improve particle stability, drug encapsulation, controlled release, and lung deposition. Inhalable microparticles have been widely investigated for the pulmonary delivery of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics, antifungals, vaccines, proteins, peptides, anticancer drugs, and gene therapeutics. This review highlights pulmonary drug delivery, lung deposition mechanisms, inhalation devices, preparation methods, characterization techniques, and recent advances in spray-dried inhalable microparticles for targeted and efficient respiratory drug delivery.

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Microparticles, systemic drug delivery, controlled drug release, drug encapsulation, dry powder inhalers

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The increasing environmental challenges faced across the globe have significantly transformed consumer purchasing patterns, encouraging individuals to adopt environmentally responsible consumption practices. Eco-friendly products have emerged as an effective solution to reduce environmental degradation while promoting sustainable living. In today's competitive marketplace, consumers are increasingly influenced by environmental awareness, product quality, green marketing initiatives, and social responsibility when making purchasing decisions. This study examines consumer buying behaviour towards eco-friendly products and identifies the major factors influencing green purchase decisions in the modern marketplace. The primary objective of this research is to analyse the influence of environmental concern, purchase intention, product quality, price perception, green marketing, and consumer awareness on buying behaviour towards eco-friendly products. The study adopts both primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data were collected from 150 respondents residing in Salem City through a structured questionnaire using stratified random sampling. Secondary information was gathered from research journals, books, government reports, websites, and previous studies related to green marketing and sustainable consumer behaviour. The collected data are analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques such as Percentage Analysis, Chi-Square Test, Garrett Ranking Technique, Correlation Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The findings indicate that environmental concern and product quality significantly influence consumers' intention to purchase eco-friendly products. However, factors such as higher prices, limited product availability, and insufficient awareness continue to affect consumers' buying decisions. The study concludes that effective green marketing strategies, improved product accessibility, consumer education, and affordable pricing can substantially enhance the adoption of eco-friendly products. The research provides valuable insights for marketers, policymakers, manufacturers, and environmental organizations in designing sustainable marketing strategies and promoting environmentally responsible consumer behaviour.

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Consumer Buying Behaviour, Eco-Friendly Products, Green Marketing, Environmental Concern, Purchase Intention, Sustainable Consumption, Green Purchase Behaviour.

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Abstract Garbhini Paricharya is a unique concept of Ayurveda that encompasses dietary, lifestyle, and behavioural guidelines prescribed for a pregnant woman to ensure the healthy development of the foetus and the well-being of the mother. Among its various components, Maasaanumasika Pathya (month-wise regimen) holds special importance as it addresses the changing physiological needs of pregnancy. Acharya Charaka has described specific dietary measures for each month, including the use of Ksheera, Ghrita, Madhu, Navaneeta, and medicated preparations, along with procedures such as Anuvasana Basti and Yoni Pichu during the later months. These regimens help in maintaining maternal nutrition, alleviating pregnancy-related discomforts, supporting fetal growth and development, preserving Ojas, and facilitating normal labour. The present review critically analyses the rationale behind the month-wise regimen described by Acharya Charaka and correlates its benefits with maternal and fetal health. The properties of the prescribed dietary substances and therapeutic measures indicate their role in promoting physical strength, proper tissue nourishment, fetal organ development, and uncomplicated delivery. In the present era, where pregnancy-related complications and operative deliveries are increasing, the principles of garbhini paricharya offer a holistic and preventive approach for achieving healthy pregnancy outcomes and enhancing maternal and fetal well-being.

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Keywords: Garbhini Paricharya, Maasaanumasika Pathya, Garbha, Pregnancy, Fetal Development, Maternal Health.

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This paper examines how design communicates social change through a semiotic analysis of five Indian awareness advertisements: the Swachh Bharat Mission logo, a Pulse Polio immunisation poster, Ariel India's #ShareTheLoad campaign, Tata Tea's Jaago Re 2.0 campaign, and the Sadak Suraksha Abhiyaan 2026 road-safety visual. The study uses a qualitative, interpretive framework combining Barthes's levels of denotation, connotation, and myth; Peirce's categories of icon, index, and symbol; and Kress and van Leeuwen's visual grammar. Each advertisement is analysed in relation to imagery, colour, typography, composition, language, gaze, cultural codes, emotional appeal, and call to action. The comparative findings show that Indian social-cause advertising frequently condenses complex public issues into memorable everyday objects: spectacles, vaccine drops, laundry, an alarm clock, and a traffic sign. These objects operate as culturally intelligible signs that translate abstract goals into personal duties. Across the sample, the viewer is positioned not as a passive recipient of information but as a citizen, parent, partner, consumer, or road user who is expected to act. At the same time, the analysis identifies limitations. Messages that emphasise individual responsibility may understate structural barriers, while brand-led activism can blur civic communication and commercial interest. The paper argues that socially responsible design becomes more persuasive and ethically sound when symbolic clarity is joinISSNed with behavioural specificity, inclusive representation, and an acknowledgement of the systems within which individual choices are made.

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social change, visual communication, semiotics, Indian advertising, social advertising, public awareness, visual design

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