Volume 12 | Issue 8 |

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India's patriarchal culture has hindered women's social, economic, and political advancement. Recent government policies have empowered women and addressed these inequalities. This research will evaluate these initiatives' impact on Indian women. This research will examine the Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (Save the Daughter, Educate the Daughter) and Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana campaigns, which address female infanticide, education barriers, and maternity benefits. Study government programs to empower women and explore Indian culture's empowerment of women. Women have contributed to modern Indian society in politics, education, business, social services, arts and culture, sports, aerospace, journalism and media, science and technology, literature, entertainment, philanthropy, spiritual and religious leadership, entrepreneurship, social activism, and environmental conservation.

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Women Empowerment, BBBP, MSK, PMMVY

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Keywords: Ergonomics, neck pain, posture, college students, intervention, Visual Analogue Scale, goniometer

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The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of -connectedness and -Compactness and their properties by using -open and -closed sets for bitopological spaces. We will investigate several results in -connectedness and -Compactness for subsets in bitopological spaces.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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-open set, - closed set, -Connectedness, -Compactness.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract The growth and improved usage of social media has replaced the way people interact and communicate daily. Social media allows all kinds of people like individuals, groups, or organizations to establish a social network system of friends and followers. In the field of politics, this is an attempt to find out the role of social media in election campaigning in India with special reference to General Elections 2014-2019. In a democratic country like India, social media has become an integral part of political communications during election campaigning. This new way of campaigning during elections plays an important role to attract voters. Social media has given new platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Google+, What Sapp, YouTube, Instagram, etc. to the political parties and the voters, these are becoming an easy tool for the political leaders to approach and communicate with their voters. Social media permits candidates to share, post, comment, and their views during elections and making them more direct participation to their voters. These new tools or platforms seem a new area for research. Firstly, to find out the term of social media, secondly, the general meaning of political campaigning, thirdly, uses of social media in Indian election campaigning with reference to previous General Elections and lastly conclusions.

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Social media, election campaigning, political communications, Social Networks, voters, General Elections

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Aim of the Study is to Assess the Parenting Style And Parenting Attitude Among The Parents And Its Effects On Academic Performance Of School Going Children In Selected Areas Of District Fetehgarh Sahib (Punjab)." METHODS:-A Descriptive research design under Purposive non-probability sampling technique was used to select the parents of school going children who are residing at selected rural areas of District Fatehgarh Sahib. Population of the study consisted of (N=100) parents of school going children residing at selected rural areas of District Fatehgarh Sahib.Demographic data profile sheet was used for assessment of demographic variables such as age, occupation, educational level, religion, child grades, type of school etc.5-point parenting scale was used to assess the parenting attitudes among the parents residing at village Amloh District Fatehgarh Sahib. Check list was used to assess the parenting styles among parents of school going children regarding people residing at village Amloh District Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab. RESULTS :-The findings of the study showed that the majority of parents (80%) using Authoritarian parenting style and the other findings showed that all the parents (100%) having positive parenting attitude towards their children, The findings of the study showed that there was a significant effect of parenting style on the academic performance of school going children. i.e. r value =.817**(p value=<0.001. It was also revealed that there is significant effects of parenting attitudes on the academic performance of school going children. i.e. r value=.717**(p value=<0.001). CONCLUSION:-The findings of the study showed that there is no significant association between the level of scores and other demographic variables. The calculated chi-square values were less than the table value at the 0.05 level of significance for both parenting style and attitude. So, there is no significant association between the parenting style and attitude with their selected demographic variables.

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"A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE PARENTING STYLE AND PARENTING ATTITUDE AMONG THE PARENTS AND ITS EFFECTS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN IN SELECTED AREAS OF DISTRICT FETEHGARH SAHIB (PUNJAB)."

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Indian plays a very important and crucial role in Indian economy. India is second for largest population as well as area of arable land in the world and is a major producer of a number of agriculture products. Various industries depend upon agriculture for raw material. Most of the village population depends upon agriculture for employment. It is the largest sector in India for creating and giving employment opportunities to village people. It is the sector which gives food grains, vegetables and other necessary items to people in the nation. But this sector has gone from a very adverse situation from last few years due to various reasons such as increased prices of fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, labour wages, shortage of labour, pricing policy of agriculture goods, and so on. Lakhs of farmers makes suicides due to thisreason. Government makes various policies but this problem did not get a final solution.

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Agriculture, employment, food grains, farmers, Vegetables

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An auditor can use ratio analysis to identify anything abnormal or anything which deviates from the expected and the known. The rationale underlying the use of ratio analysis is that while absolute quantities can be manipulated easily, it may be quite difficult to manipulate all the figures which are interrelated. Such manipulation normally causes widespread repercussions and can be detected more easily. Example: Sales figure can be easily manipulated through forged invoices but it is difficult to get manipulated GP, NP and Direct Expenses ratios. This is because it may not be possible for the management to manipulate all the interrelated figures, i.e. cash, debtors, purchases, stocks, production, etc. The ratio of cost of material consumed to inventory i.e. inventory turnover or quantitative ratio of inputs to outputs would indicate that something abnormal has happened. Even if all these are adjusted fall in the ratios of expenses to sales would put the auditor to enquiry.

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Ratios, Auditing, Frauds and Errors

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Educational methods and practices are constantly evolving and changing. Since the time when education was introduced, the world has seen many changes and evolutions. These changes were made by educationists either because of the need to bring change, like online classes during the pandemic, or according to their needs. Worldwide, many countries follow different education systems. We have so many educational theories that are broadly explained by our educators. Every country has a unique education system and is following it according to a particular educational theory that became famous and/or was widely accepted by the people of their country. In most cases, parents and teachers fail to recognize the student's ability in some areas in which they are really good. Each and every student's ability and capacity are different. So, students are automatically expected to adapt to those educational systems, irrespective of their abilities and capacities. It would be difficult for a country to assess their students' capacities and then implement an educational system, but it is possible to educate them according to a syllabus based on their abilities or even to teach them in a different way. In this case, both parents and teachers are playing a vital role. Parents decide which syllabus their children have to study or what kind of school they have to get admission to and teachers decide what kind of teaching methodology would suit most of the students. Students' academic lives are determined by four stakeholder groups: their parents, schools, teachers and the society. Education, health and mental well-being are equally essential for children. All these things determine the strengths and value of our future citizens. The motive of this research is to learn various things about students; firstly, to find out the different learning abilities of the students. Teachers must understand the various abilities of students in order to teach students effectively. Secondly, learn about students' abilities and, most importantly how they relate to their age groups. This would be helpful for everyone to know what we can expect from a child and what steps we can take forward to achieve the desired results. Thirdly, find out the different ways to teach the students to make them understand better. We all know that different types of students will understand much better if we teach them in their preferred method of learning, so understanding different methods of teaching will make it easier for teachers to teach them effectively. The final objective is to discover various teaching methodologies to accommodate and teach the students better. These are all the most common problems that teachers are facing all around the globe. These findings will aid teachers in assisting students to excel in their careers. Meeting the aforementioned goals is critical for every teacher seeking clarity in implementing teaching and learning objectives. Teachers must understand not only the students' learning abilities and capacities, but also their classroom behaviours and attitudes towards academics, and teachers are equally important to their academic success. Proper guidance has to be given by the teacher and parents if the students have bad behaviours or morale, or if their mindset is not correct towards academics. So, it is expected that we will learn about students' different learning abilities and capacities. And it will be helpful for the teachers to adopt a teaching method.

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Stakeholder, Mental well-being and Morale

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Urbanization significantly impacts water chemistry by altering both surface and groundwater systems. As cities expand, natural landscapes are replaced with impervious surfaces like asphalt and concrete, leading to increased runoff and reduced water infiltration into the soil. This change results in higher runoff volumes and velocities, which carry elevated loads of pollutants into urban water bodies. These pollutants include heavy metals (lead, copper, zinc) from vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and infrastructure corrosion. Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus mainly come from fertilizers and sewage, while organic compounds like pesticides and pharmaceuticals enter water bodies through runoff and improper disposal. The accumulation of these pollutants degrades water quality in both surface and groundwater systems. Industrial activities and vehicular emissions exacerbate contamination. Factories may discharge pollutants directly into water bodies or release them into the atmosphere, where they eventually settle in water sources. Traffic emissions also deposit heavy metals onto surfaces that are washed into water systems during rain. Additionally, improper waste disposal, including illegal dumping and inadequate sewage treatment, contributes to the pollutant load. Urbanization disrupts natural hydrological cycles, altering water temperature, flow regimes, and sediment transport, which negatively impacts aquatic life and ecosystems. Effective management strategies, such as green infrastructure, pollution control measures, and sustainable urban planning, are essential to mitigate these effects and protect water quality and public health.

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Urbanization, Water Chemistry, Surface Water, Pollutants, Heavy Metals, Nutrients

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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SAHITYA PARISHATTU

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