Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Oral Rehydration Therapy, ORS, Demonstration-Based Teaching, Knowledge, Practice, Mothers, Under-Five Children, Diarrhoea, Dehydration, Community Health Nursing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has resulted in the deployment of numerous connected devices that continuously exchange data over communication networks. Many of these devices operate under resource constraints, making the selection of efficient encryption algorithms an important consideration for secure communication. This study presents a comparative performance analysis of five encryption algorithms, namely AES-128, PRESENT, Salsa20, ChaCha20, and SIMON, for software-based IoT communication. The algorithms are evaluated using a Python-based simulation environment with input data sizes ranging from 1 KB to 1 MB. Encryption and decryption execution times are measured and compared under the same experimental conditions. The reported results show that ChaCha20 provides the lowest execution time among the evaluated algorithms across the tested data sizes, followed by Salsa20. For 1 MB of data, ChaCha20 records encryption and decryption times of 271.1 ms and 269.4 ms, respectively, while Salsa20 records 293.6 ms and 291.5 ms. AES-128 provides an established standardized reference, whereas PRESENT and SIMON show higher execution times in the evaluated software environment. The results indicate that ChaCha20 offers a favorable performance profile for IoT applications where reduced computational delay is important. However, the study is limited to software-based simulation and does not directly measure hardware-level energy consumption. The findings therefore provide a comparative performance perspective rather than a universal recommendation for all IoT platforms.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Internet of Things, Lightweight Cryptography, AES-128, PRESENT, Salsa20, ChaCha20, SIMON, IoT Security

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Education is one of the central instruments of social mobility, yet for Muslim girls in India, access to it is shaped by a mix of gender norms, religious identity, and structural inequality. This paper traces the historical emergence and contemporary growth of girls' madrasas in India, examines what draws families to enroll their daughters in them, and considers how these institutions function at once as sites of religious learning, gendered socialization, identity formation, and educational opportunity. The study draws on a critical review of existing literature, government reports, census data, and published empirical research, read through an intersectional sociological lens that attends to how gender, class, religion, and region combine to shape Muslim girls' educational paths. The central argument is that girls' madrasas resist any simple reading as instruments of either empowerment or exclusion. They have expanded educational access and religious literacy for many girls, but they also carry the weight of community aspiration, economic constraint, cultural expectation, and concern for respectability. Rather than treating madrasas as a lesser substitute for secular schooling, the paper places them within larger debates on educational justice, minority rights, and gendered citizenship in India. This sociological account of Muslim girls' education contributes to ongoing conversations about inclusive schooling for minorities. It suggests that policy responses to educational inequality need to move past deficit framings and reckon with the social realities within which Muslim girls actually negotiate education, identity, and aspiration.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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education, gender, identity, inequality, Muslim girls

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Knowledge, practice, social skills, kindergarten children, parents, early childhood development, social development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Social skills, kindergarten children, parents, knowledge, child development, information booklet, early childhood development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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P91 ferritic-martensitic steel is widely used in fossil-fires power plants because of its high creep strength and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. However, transient overheating above the design temperature can accelerate oxidation, damage the protective oxide scale, and reduce component reliability. In this study, the isothermal oxidation of P91 steel under short-term overheating was investigated in dry air at 600? and 800? for up to 350 h using weight gain measurements, SEM, cross-sectional analysis, and EDS. The results showed that oxidation increased with both exposure time and temperature, with temperature having the stronger effect. At 600?, P91 steel formed a thin, compact, and adherent oxide scale with low weight gain. In contrast, at 800?, the weight gain increased markedly and a much thicker oxide scale developed, with localized cracking and partial delamination. Cross-sectional SEM confirmed faster oxide growth at the higher temperature, while EDS mapping showed a duplex structure with an Fe-rich outer layer and a Cr-rich inner layer. The chromium-rich inner layer was protective at 600?, but its effectiveness decreased at 800? due to rapid oxide growth and enhanced diffusion of oxygen and iron. Overall, short-term overheating significantly reduces the oxidation of P91 steel by accelerating oxide growth and weaking the protective chromium-rich layer. These findings help explain the oxidation behavior of P91 steel during transient overheating in power plant service.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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High temperature oxidation, isothermal oxidation, short term overheating, oxidation kinetics, oxide spallation, ferritic-martensitic steel.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords: ORS, Oral Rehydration Solution, Planned Teaching Programme, Knowledge, Mothers, Under-Five Children, Diarrhoea, Rural Area, Community Health Nursing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Natural fibres are light, sustainable and high in performance, leading to a rapid growth in the development of natural fibre-based hybrid composites for use in structural engineering applications. In this research, five different fibre stacking sequence hybrid banana-basalt reinforced epoxy laminates were manufactured and the mechanical behaviour of them were investigated experimentally. The laminates were produced using the hand lay-up process and the vacuum bagging process to provide uniform impregnation of resin, enhanced wetting of the fibres and reduced void content. Mechanical property tests were performed using tensile, flexural and impact tests according to the corresponding ASTM standards. The results of the experiments showed that the fibre stacking sequence is an important factor in the mechanical performance of the hybrid laminates. The mechanical performance was greatest for configurations in which the basalt fibre layers were placed on the external surfaces due to their high stiffness, greater load bearing capacity and good stress transfer. Maximum laminate properties were obtained to be ultimate tensile strength of about 185 MPa, flexural strength of 265 MPa, and impact strength of 72 kJ/m2, whereas the minimum laminate properties obtained were 145 MPa, 205 MPa, and 52 kJ/m2 respectively. The improvements are about 28% in tensile strength, 29% in flexural strength and 38% in impact strength. The optimized laminate showed a decrease of fibre pull-out and improved fibre-matrix adhesion, resulting in better load transfer and delayed crack propagation. The outcomes showed that the banana-basalt hybrid composites possess excellent combination of the environmentally friendly natural fibres and the superior mechanical properties of basalt fibres, which make them useful candidates for lightweight applications in automobile, aerospace and general engineering industries.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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banana fibre; basalt fibre; hybrid composites; epoxy laminates; mechanical properties; stacking sequence; sustainable composites.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Background: Gratitude is an important construct in positive psychology and has been associated with happiness, emotional well-being, life satisfaction, and positive interpersonal relationships. College students aged 18-25 years experience various academic, emotional, social, and career-related challenges that may influence their quality of life. Examining the relationship between gratitude and quality of life may contribute to a better understanding of psychological well-being among young adults. Objective: This study aimed to assess gratitude and quality of life among college students aged 18-25 years and to examine the relationship between these variables. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional correlational study was conducted among 60 college students aged 18-25 years selected through convenience sampling. Gratitude was assessed using the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6), while quality of life was measured using the Quality of Life Scale-Revised (QLS-R). Descriptive statistics, Pearson's product-moment correlation, independent-samples t-test, and regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results: Participants had a mean quality of life score of 45.52 (SD = 9.82) and a mean gratitude score of 4.40 (SD = 0.86). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a negligible negative and statistically non-significant relationship between gratitude and quality of life (r = -0.017, p > .05). No statistically significant gender differences were observed in quality of life (t = 0.47, p = .64) or gratitude (t = 0.62, p = .53). Regression analysis also indicated that gratitude did not significantly predict quality of life. Conclusion: Gratitude was not significantly associated with quality of life among the college students included in this study. Although gratitude is widely recognized as a positive psychological strength, the present findings suggest that quality of life among college students may be influenced by multiple psychological, social, academic, and contextual factors. Further research involving larger and more diverse samples is recommended to clarify the relationship between gratitude and quality of life among young adults.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Gratitude; Quality of Life; College Students; Positive Psychology; Well-being; Correlational Study.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords: Pregnancy-induced hypertension, WHO global strategies, educational intervention, nursing staff, knowledge, maternal health, continuing nursing education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition