Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Migraine is a common neurological disorder that significantly affects quality of life. Sumatriptan succinate a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT1B/1D) receptor agonist, is widely used for the acute treatment of migraine; however, its oral administration is limited by low bioavailability and extensive first-pass metabolism. Mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising alternative due to their ability to enhance drug absorption, bypass hepatic metabolism, and improve therapeutic efficacy. This review comprehensively examines the role of mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems as a promising platform for the administration of sumatriptan succinate. Emphasis is placed on the formulation and evaluation of buccal films, immediate- and sustained-release delivery approaches, drug loading considerations, and their therapeutic implications in migraine management. In addition, current advancements, existing challenges, and future prospects in buccal delivery of sumatriptan succinate are discussed.

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 Keywords

Sumatriptan Succinate, Migraine, Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System, Buccal Film, Immediate Release, Sustained Release

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This paper examines how the Bengali poet and Nobel Prize winner Rabindranath Tagore was influenced by nature. He thought that all living things, including human beings, trees, rivers, and animals, share a single life force that he referred to as Jivan Devata, or the "Lord of Life." This concept was not merely an idea in his poetry; he really put it into reality. He constructed a school at Santiniketan where students learned amid trees rather than in enclosed classrooms. He initiated a rural development initiative at Sriniketan with the goal of improving the lives of the inhabitants as well as the land. His poetry, articles, and stories depict rivers, forests, and seasons as living presences rather than plain scenery. This paper investigates Tagore's views on nature, his educational and rural endeavours, and his creative work. It then relates his theories to contemporary environmental concepts like deep ecology and ecofeminism. The study contends that Tagore's vision, based on love, care, and everyday practice, still provides valuable insights for how we think about nature and sustainability today.

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 Keywords

environmental consciousness, nature philosophy, ecocriticism, deep ecology.

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Digital financial services have emerged as an important mechanism for improving financial inclusion among rural households by providing convenient access to payments, savings, credit and other formal financial services. The present study examines the role of digital financial services in enhancing financial inclusion among rural households in Tamil Nadu. The study is based on primary data collected from 115 respondents through a structured questionnaire. The study examines awareness, accessibility, usage, perceived benefits, digital financial literacy, trust and security, barriers, financial inclusion and future intention. Frequency and percentage analysis, Chi-square test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were employed. The findings indicate that UPI/QR Code payments and ATM/debit cards are the most widely used services. DFS usage is positively associated with financial inclusion, while digital literacy deficiencies, poor network connectivity, fear of online fraud, lack of trust and technical problems negatively influence financial inclusion. The study recommends strengthening digital literacy, rural connectivity, security awareness and customer support to promote inclusive digital financial participation.

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 Keywords

Digital Financial Services, Financial Inclusion, Rural Households, Digital Payments, UPI, Digital Financial Literacy, Tamil Nadu, Rural Banking, Financial Accessibility, Digital Inclusion.

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Abstract:- Education is a cornerstone of sustainable development and a fundamental human right recognized under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In India, the concept of One Nation, One Education has emerged as a policy discourse advocating the establishment of common educational standards to reduce disparities in access, quality, and learning outcomes across states and regions. This study examines the potential of a unified educational framework to advance Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), which seeks to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. The paper argues that while educational standardization can strengthen national learning benchmarks, improve teacher quality, facilitate equitable resource distribution, and enhance accountability, its implementation must remain sensitive to India's linguistic, cultural, and socio-economic diversity. Adopting a qualitative and analytical approach, the study synthesizes policy documents, including the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, SDG 4 targets and indicators, government reports, and relevant scholarly literature to evaluate the opportunities and challenges associated with a unified education system. The analysis highlights that achieving SDG 4 requires more than curriculum harmonization; it demands robust institutional governance, cooperative federalism, digital inclusion, equitable financing, teacher capacity building, and mechanisms that address regional disparities in educational infrastructure and learning opportunities. Furthermore, the integration of educational technologies and digital public infrastructure can enhance access to quality learning, particularly for underserved and marginalized communities. The study concludes that One Nation, One Education should be understood as a framework for establishing common national quality standards while preserving contextual flexibility for states and local communities. Such a balanced approach can strengthen educational equity, improve learning outcomes, and contribute significantly to India's progress toward achieving SDG 4. The paper offers policy insights for designing an education system that is equitable, inclusive, resilient, and aligned with national development priorities and the global sustainable development agenda.

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 Keywords

Keywords: One Nation, One Education; Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4); Educational Equity; National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020); Educational Governance.

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This study examines consumer perception of Goodnight Liquid Mosquito Repellent, a leading product by Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. Primary data were collected through a structured survey, analysing consumer views on effectiveness, safety, price, fragrance, and packaging, and comparing Goodnight with other competitor brands. The findings offer valuable insights into consumer satisfaction, brand loyalty, and market competitiveness, enabling the refinement of product features and marketing strategies for improved brand positioning.

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Consumer Perception, Mosquito Repellent, Goodnight, Consumer Satisfaction, Brand Preference, Product Effectiveness.

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Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana is one of the small savings schemes introduced by the government to encourage parents to save long-term to meet their daughters' educational and marriage expenses. Previous studies have identified beneficiaries' awareness as one of the major factors that determine a scheme's success, but they do not specify criteria for measuring awareness of the scheme. So, the study focused on exploring the factors that represent beneficiaries' awareness of the Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana scheme. To explore the factors, the researcher collected data from 591 beneficiaries of Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana by using a well-structured questionnaire. Here the researcher used Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory analysis to explore the factors. Based on the factor analysis, the study identified five factors: Account Opening Procedure, Scheme Orientation, Maturity Benefit, Tax Benefits, and Convenience.

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 Keywords

KEY WORDS: Account Opening Procedure, Maturity Benefit, Scheme Orientation, Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana and Tax Benefits.

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A High Gain Single Switched Quadratic Boost converter architecture is presented for low-voltage renewable and portable energy systems requiring efficient voltage amplification, reduced semiconductor stress, and compact passive components. The proposed topology combines an active switchedinductor network with a multi-stage charge-pump mechanism to achieve substantial voltage boosting without the need for extreme duty ratios. The coordinated energy transfer between inductors and capacitors enables improved conversion efficiency, reduced conduction losses, and enhanced voltage gain. Volt- second balance formulation and capacitor charge analysis provide closed-form expressions for voltage gain, device stresses, and component sizing. The performance of the converter is validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations, confirming the analytical predictions. Owing to its high step-up capability and improved efficiency, the proposed design is well-suited for renewable interfaces, electric mobility subsystems, and distributed DC microgrid applications. Results are obtained by simulating the converter in MATLAB/Simulink R2024a. The simulation results show that the proposed high-gain converter delivers high voltage gain with reduced voltage stress across the switching devices and achieves a maximum operating efficiency of 76%. A hardware with an input voltage of 5V is implemented using the TMS320F28335 microcontroller where output voltage of 22.8V is achieved, corresponding to a voltage gain of 4.54. Additionally, a secondary output voltage of 15.8V is obtained under the same input conditions, corresponding to a voltage gain of 3.17, thereby experimentally validating the multi-output capability of the proposed converter.

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 Keywords

Gain,Efficiency,Simulation,Hardware Results

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Education is an essential means of developing oneself, bringing social transformation, participating economically, and promoting gender equality. Several improvements have been made in the field of education in India as far as girls' concerns are concerned; however, there still exist disparities among girls due to issues like poverty, gender discrimination, socio-cultural value system, early marriages, lack of infrastructure, insecurity, and absence of education. Acknowledging these challenges, the Government of India has introduced several programs and schemes designed to facilitate education for girls, keep them in school, reduce dropouts, and empower them in general. Such programs include Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP), Samagra Shiksha, Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY), and National Scheme of Incentive to Girls for Secondary Education (NSIGSE). This paper examines the importance of such schemes and programs launched by the Government of India in educating girls in India. The research design is descriptive and review-based using secondary sources like government policies, scheme guidelines, reports, and literature in the analysis process. The results indicate that the government interventions have been playing an important part in improving accessibility, awareness, retention, gender-sensitive infrastructure, residential schools, and financial preparedness for education of girls. However, problems of implementation, awareness, attitude, regional differences, digital divide, and monitoring continue to affect the performance of these government schemes. In conclusion, it can be stated that the government schemes are playing a crucial role in the education of girls provided that the implementation, community participation, gender sensitivity in schools, and monitoring are good.

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 Keywords

Education for Girls, Government Initiatives, Gender Sensitivity, Samagra Shiksha, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, KGBV.

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In Persian Sufism, longing (taleb or ishq) is the sacred, driving force of the soul. It represents the painful yet ecstatic realization of separation from the Divine Beloved. This existential yearning transforms suffering into a spiritual path, urging the seeker past the ego toward divine union (fana)

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Taleb - longing, Fana - Divine Union, Ma`arifat - Divine Love, Ishq e Majazi - metaphorical love, biradaris - clans.

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Introduction: Hypercalcaemia Crisis is a rare and serious complication of primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid carcinoma is one of the causes of primary hyperparathyroidism that is very rare with an incidence of 0,005% of all malignancy cases. Case Presentation: We report the case of 46-year-old Man with hypercalcaemia crisis due to parathyroid carcinoma. He presented with right upper arm and left thigh fractures after falling while riding a motorcycle. Because a pathological fracture is suspected, further diagnostic examination is carried out. His serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were at 15,3 mg/dL and 4.063 pg/mL, respectively. An ultrasonography of his neck showed a nodul in the left lobe of thyroid gland (TIRADS 4) while the parathyroid gland was not visualized and abdominal ultrasonography showed bilateral nephrolithiasis. A total Thyroidectomy and total parathyroidectomy were performed. Histology revealed a parathyroid carcinoma with an intranodular parathyroid in the left lobe thyroid. Postoperatively, the patient has a significant decrease in serum calcium and PTH levels. Conclusion: In patient with parathyroid carcinoma, the best treatment modality is surgery. In our patient, surgical intervention in the form of total parathyroidectomy proved successfully reduce serum calcium and PTH levels. Early diagnosis and surgery before arising the complications of the hypercalcaemia crisis, nephrolithiasis, or pathological fractures could reduce morbidity and mortality in patient with parathyroid carcinoma.

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 Keywords

parathyroid carcinoma, primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroidectomy, case report

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition