Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

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representation of women, gender stereotypes, women empowerment, Turkish TV series

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The main objective of this project is to formulate and evaluate polyherbal anti-diabetic tablet with enhanced disintegration time.The polyherbal tablet consist of five traditional herbs Gurmar (Gymnema sylvestre), Karela (Momordica charantia), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Ginger (Gingiber officinate), Cinnamon (Cinnamum zelacicum). In the formulation the Gurmar (leaf powder dry) , Karela (dry fruit powder) , Tulsi (dry leaf powder), Ginger (dry root powder) , and Cinnamon (bark powder) were used. The polyherbal tablets were prepared by wet granulation method with excipients: Gum Acasia, Polyvinylpyrrolidine, Aerosil, Talc, and Magnesium Stearate.. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of powder mixture was done using the methanolic extract of powder mixture. The preformulation studies of tablets were performed including Angle of repose, tapped density, bulk density, carr's index, hausner's ratio. The dried polyherbal remove was streamlined for its quality measures and its cluster consistency by making 5 diverse preliminary clumps(Trial 1,2,3,4,5). The preliminaries were exposed to preformulation boundaries to confirm the consistency and quality. The outcome assumes that the initial five formulations demonstrated across all parameters, and were therefore utilized to create a detailed polyherbal tablet formulation. The developed polyherbal phytochemical study showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin, phenolic compound in the formulation by using phytochemical analysis. The laboratory scale preparation of polyherbal tablet can lead to new powerful and oral dosage formulation for diabetes mellitus and lighten by synergic area of action herbs.

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POLYHERBAL TABLET, MEDICINAL PLANT, GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE, MOMORDICA CHARANTIA, OCIMUM SANCTUM, GINGIBER OFFICINATE, CINNAMUM ZELACICUM

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In patriarchal societies, women have historically occupied marginalized positions across various spheres of life--including the political, social, economic, and cultural. Consequently, seat reservation and participation are crucial for ensuring and safeguarding equal status for women within the framework of gender rights, equality, and social justice. This article discusses the issue of seat reservation for women in India, specifically focusing on quota systems in the realms of political representation, education, and employment. Additionally, this article discusses the objectives of women's empowerment, gender equality, the impact of women's empowerment, and the challenges facing this process.

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women reservation, gender equality, women entrepreneurship, women participation.

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This paper examines the role of the Department of Humanities in strengthening elementary teacher education through the functioning of District Institutes of Education and Training (DIETs) in Karnataka. The study is descriptive in nature and follows the normative survey method. A total of 18 faculty members working in the Department of Humanities across DIETs representing the Bangalore, Mysore, Belgaum and Gulbarga educational divisions were selected by purposive sampling for the study. Data were analyzed using the independent 't'-test with respect to sex, educational qualification, locality of the institute, and teaching-cum-research experience of the faculty. The results indicate that the role of the Department of Humanities did not differ significantly by locality or experience, but differed significantly with respect to sex and educational qualification, with female faculty and faculty holding qualifications above the prescribed minimum reporting more favorable perceptions of the department's functioning. Implications for faculty development in DIET humanities departments are discussed.

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Elementary Teacher Education, DIET, Department of Humanities, DIET Functioning.

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Background Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a chronic and relapsing disorder that adversely affects the physical, psychological, social, and occupational well-being of affected individuals. Despite the availability of de-addiction services, many patients continue to experience poor Quality of Life and unsatisfactory Treatment Outcomes due to the complex nature of addiction and its psychosocial consequences. Assessing these outcomes is essential for planning comprehensive, patient-centered rehabilitation services and improving the effectiveness of addiction treatment programs. Objectives 1. To assess the Quality of Life among patients with substance use disorder attending selected de-addiction centers. 2. To assess the Treatment Outcomes among patients with substance use disorder attending selected de-addiction centers. 3. To determine the association between Quality of Life and selected demographic and clinical variables. 4. To determine the association between Treatment Outcomes and selected demographic and clinical variables. Methods A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 patients with substance use disorder attending selected de-addiction centers in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured demographic and clinical profile, the World Health Organization Quality of Life- BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire, and a standardized Treatment Outcome Assessment Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 200 patients participated in the study. The findings revealed that 58.5% of participants had a moderate level of Quality of Life, 27.5% had a low level, and 14.0% had a high level of Quality of Life. Similarly, 61.0% demonstrated satisfactory Treatment Outcomes, while 39.0% had poor Treatment Outcomes. Significant associations were observed between Quality of Life and educational status, employment status, family support, and history of relapse (p < 0.05). Treatment Outcomes were also significantly associated with duration of substance use, family support, and treatment adherence (p < 0.05). Conclusion The study revealed that a considerable proportion of patients with substance use disorder experienced moderate Quality of Life and satisfactory Treatment Outcomes. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive recovery-oriented interventions and continuous nursing support to support long-term rehabilitation and overall patient well-being.

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Substance Use Disorder; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcomes; WHOQOL-BREF; De- Addiction Centers; Descriptive Study; Mental Health Nursing.

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Microservices architecture has become the dominant paradigm for building scalable, independently deployable cloud-native applications, and orchestration platforms such as Kubernetes have emerged as the de facto standard for managing the lifecycle of these distributed services. As the number of microservices grows, an API gateway becomes essential for consolidating cross-cutting concerns such as routing, authentication, rate limiting, load balancing, and observability at the edge of the system. However, the proliferation of API gateway solutions -- including Kong, NGINX, Traefik, Spring Cloud Gateway, and the Istio Ingress Gateway -- makes the selection of an appropriate gateway for a given orchestrated deployment a non-trivial engineering decision. This paper presents an empirical evaluation of five widely used API gateways deployed on a Kubernetes-orchestrated microservices testbed. We measure and compare latency, throughput, error rate, CPU utilization, and memory footprint under varying levels of concurrent load, and we qualitatively compare the gateways on feature dimensions including service discovery integration, protocol support, extensibility, and operational complexity. Results indicate that NGINX-based gateways deliver the lowest latency and highest raw throughput for simple routing, Kong offers the strongest balance of performance and plugin-based extensibility, Traefik provides the most seamless Kubernetes-native service discovery, while Spring Cloud Gateway and the Istio Ingress Gateway trade raw performance for deeper integration with application-level and service-mesh-level concerns respectively. The paper concludes with guidance for architects choosing a gateway based on workload characteristics, team expertise, and operational priorities.

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API Gateway; Microservices; Kubernetes; Orchestrated Deployment; Kong; NGINX; Traefik; Spring Cloud Gateway; Istio; Service Mesh; Load Balancing; Cloud-Native Architecture; Performance Evaluation

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Education in the 21st century is fundamentally concerned with preparing students with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in rapidly changing world, making curricula learner-centered, socially relevant and leveraging the potential of emerging technologies to provide meaningful, real-world, problem-solving-based learning experiences (Kum Yoke et al., 2020). From personalized learning pathways to data-driven decision-making, AI is helping schools move beyond one-size-fits-all education toward more inclusive, adaptive, and future-ready learning environments. Classroom technologies powered by AI allowed educators to create adaptive and dynamic learning paths that cater to diverse student abilities, comprehension levels, and learning styles (Bean & Melzer, 2021). To adequately equip students to navigate competencies, curricula must adapt to seismic shifts that necessitate reevaluating curricular priorities. By blending technical proficiency with essential human qualities, educational systems can produce graduates capable of thriving in a rapidly evolving technological landscape. By designing and implementing such curricula, significant gaps in teaching and learning can be addressed and students will be well-equipped to navigate the complexities of future job markets, where both technical and human-centric skills are highly valued. Therefore, in light of the accelerating rate of technological change, curricula that are more student-driven, interconnected across disciplines, and connected to real-world problem-solving should be given priorities. Educators and researchers must collaboratively navigate to ensure that AI technologies are not only integrated effectively but also aligned with pedagogical principles that foster the growth of responsible and socially conscious individuals (Shepherd & Majchrzak, 2022).

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Artificial intelligence, AI ethics, Curriculum development, Personalized learning, pedagogy; Educational technology.

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BACK GROUND: Adolescence is a crucial developmental stage characterized by rapid physical, emotional, social, and psychological changes. During this period, adolescents actively seek social acceptance, develop self-identity, and build self-esteem. The widespread use of social networking sites such as Instagram, WhatsApp, Facebook, and Snapchat has transformed the way adolescents communicate and interact. Social media provides opportunities for self-expression, learning, entertainment, and social connectivity. However, excessive use of these platforms may expose adolescents to social comparison, cyberbullying, unrealistic expectations, and emotional distress. Such experiences can influence self-esteem either positively or negatively. Positive interactions may improve confidence and self-worth, whereas negative online experiences may lower self-esteem. With the increasing popularity of social networking sites among adolescents, it is important to understand their impact on psychological well-being. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the impact of social networking sites on self-esteem among adolescents in selected urban and rural colleges of Chittoor District. METHODOLOGY: A quantitative research approach with a descriptive correlational research design was adopted for the study. The study was conducted among 100 adolescents from selected urban and rural colleges of Chittoor District. Samples were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire, a self-structured Social Networking Sites Usage Questionnaire, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic. RESULTS: The study findings revealed that 56% of adolescents had high social networking site usage, 37% had moderate usage, and 7% had low usage. Regarding self-esteem, 54% had low self-esteem and 46% had high self-esteem. A statistically significant correlation was found between social networking site usage and self-esteem (r = 0.357, p < 0.01). Significant associations were observed between social networking site usage and selected demographic variables. The findings indicate that social networking sites have a considerable influence on adolescents' self-esteem. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that social networking sites have both positive and negative impacts on adolescent self-esteem. Excessive use of social networking sites may affect adolescents' emotional and psychological well-being. Awareness regarding responsible social media use is essential. Parents, teachers, and nurses should guide adolescents toward healthy digital habits. Appropriate counseling and educational interventions can help maintain positive self-esteem and mental health among adolescents.

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Social Networking Sites, Self-Esteem, Adolescents, Social Media Usage, Mental Health, Urban and Rural Area

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Substance Use Disorder; Structured Recovery Support Program; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcomes; WHOQOL-BREF; De-addiction Centers; Mental Health Nursing.

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Odisha Adarsha Vidyalaya (OAV) is a flagship school reform launched by the Government of Odisha in 2016 to provide free, English-medium, CBSE-affiliated schooling to talented children from rural and tribal backgrounds. Although the scheme has expanded to more than three hundred blocks of the state, independent, school-level evidence on how individual OAVs actually function remains scarce. The present article reports a descriptive case study of OAV Rajapur, situated in Beguniapada block of Ganjam district, undertaken to examine its infrastructural facilities, student enrolment pattern, classroom practices and academic outcomes. Data were gathered through a self-prepared information sheet, a structured questionnaire administered to the principal and teachers, classroom observation and focus group discussion, and were analysed using simple frequency and percentage methods supplemented by qualitative description. The findings indicate that the school possesses reasonably adequate physical infrastructure, follows an inclusive admission policy that predominantly benefits Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe and Other Backward Class learners, and records consistently high pass percentages at the Class X and Class XII CBSE board examinations. Teachers reported use of the 5E instructional model, ICT-supported and blended teaching, and art-integrated pedagogy. Persistent constraints include the absence of a boys' hostel, shortage of an auditorium or multipurpose hall, and a language gap faced by first-generation, Odia-medium entrants transitioning to an English medium of instruction. The study concludes with practical recommendations for strengthening residential provision, bridge-language support and locally contextualised teacher orientation.

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Odisha Adarsha Vidyalaya, school infrastructure, rural education, teaching-learning practices, academic achievement, Ganjam district

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition