Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

????? 2022 ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??-???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????, ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????, ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ??, ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????????? '??????? ??????????' ?? '???-??????' ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ??, ? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????, ????? ??????? ?? ??????????, ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??, ???? ?? ????? ?? '??????? ?????? ?? ????' ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???????, ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????, ?????????? ?? ?????, ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????????-?????? ?? ???-?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??, ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??-???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???

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?????? ????? ????, ???-??????? ?????, ??????? ??????????, ???-??????, ??????? ??????

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Nowadays, concepts of sex, gender, and gender identity have become fundamental to contemporary discussions of identity, culture, and social justice. While biological sex is generally understood as a physiological characteristic, gender is often conceptualized as a social and cultural construct. This distinction has led to evolving understandings of gender identity and transgender experiences. Simultaneously, media institutions such as advertising and cinema play a significant role in shaping public perceptions of gender diversity. This article critically examines theoretical debates surrounding gender as a social construct and analyzes the representation of transgender identities in Indian advertising and cinema. Through case studies including advertising campaigns by major brands and films such as Paava Kadhaigal and Njan Marykutty, the study explores how media representations can both challenge and reinforce existing stereotypes. The article argues that authentic transgender representation requires greater participation of transgender individuals in media production and a shift away from narratives that cater primarily to cisgender audiences.

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gender, gender identity, social construction, transgender representation, Indian cinema

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ABSTRACT This project deals with the planning and designing the superstructure of a Girder and Slab (T-beam) Bridge. A complete design is worked out for a typical T-beam bridge of 19.2m effective span, as this is the most frequently used type. The procedure used therein could be adapted for other types. The procedure involves the usage of IRC : 6 - 2000 for loads and stresses, IS 456 : 2000 for concrete and IS 800 : 2007 for steel. We also used AutoCAD 2013 and MS Excel for designing purpose. At first we visited an on-going NHAI project over "BADA GANGUA NALLAH" AT 8.128km of NH-316 (NH 203, Old),Odisha. From there we got to know the dimensions of the bridge. In present study a two lane simply supported RCC T- Beam Girderwas analysed for dead load and IRC moving load. The dead load as well as live load calculation has been done manually and cross checked with the help of Excel. The study gives the solution based on the prevailing rates of construction cost to be adopted by design Engineer.

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Planning and designing T-Beam Bridge. A complete design is worked for T-beam bridge having 19.2m effective span

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ABSTRACT Adolescence represents a developmental phase during which a child transitions into adulthood, characterized by various changes including puberty, as well as physiological and psychological transformations. Adolescents living in orphanages face numerous psychosocial challenges; to navigate these difficulties, they require a specific set of skills. Quality of Life (QOL) pertains to an individual's assessment of their physical health, psychological well-being, social connections, educational experiences, and environmental circumstances. For orphaned adolescents, the Quality of Care is frequently affected by the absence of parental support, socioeconomic difficulties, and the availability of supportive services. Numerous studies have employed a quantitative methodology, particularly a correlational design. Data regarding the adolescents were gathered using the WHOQOL-BREF-26 instrument to evaluate their quality of life. Most findings indicate that adolescents in orphanages exhibit low life skills and quality of life, suggesting that an increase in life skills correlates with an improved quality of life. Therefore, there is a pressing need to enhance life skills among adolescents in orphanages. A significant body of research has shown that orphans are at a heightened risk for psychological disorders compared to their non-orphan counterparts. Additional studies have indicated that maternal loss adversely impacts the psychosocial well-being of participants; their profound emotional ties to their mothers hinder their ability to develop effective coping mechanisms, resulting in feelings of isolation, sadness, hopelessness, lack of peace, and anxiety about an uncertain future. Research indicates that the quality of institutional care, the presence of supportive caregivers, peer relationships, educational opportunities, and access to counseling services are crucial in enhancing quality of life. Adolescents residing in family-based care or well-managed orphanages that provide sufficient emotional and social support tend to experience better quality of life outcomes than those in inadequately resourced institutions.

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Quality of Life, Orphan Adolescents, Psychosocial Issues, Life Skills, Institutional Care.

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Mathematics is commonly communicated through symbols, formulas, definitions, graphs, and formal procedures. Although symbolic representation is essential for mathematical communication, an exclusive dependence on symbolic forms may create difficulties when learners attempt to understand abstract mathematical relationships. Visual learning provides a complementary pathway through diagrams, graphs, patterns, geometric representations, images, dynamic models, and interactive digital environments. This narrative review examines the role of visual learning in supporting the understanding of abstract mathematical concepts by synthesizing selected literature on visual mathematics, mathematical cognition, visual representations, analytical thinking, geometry learning, and visual learning approaches. The reviewed literature indicates that visualization can support conceptual understanding by making mathematical relationships more accessible and by helping learners move between concrete, pictorial, and symbolic representations. Visual approaches are also associated with spatial reasoning, mathematical communication, problem solving, engagement, and retention. Digital technologies further extend the role of visualization by enabling learners to manipulate mathematical objects, observe changes, explore patterns, and investigate relationships dynamically. However, visual learning should not be regarded as a replacement for symbolic mathematics or as a method applicable only to students classified as visual learners. Rather, visualization should be integrated with symbolic, verbal, and analytical forms of mathematical reasoning. The review identifies an important gap in the existing literature: although the benefits of visual representations have been examined in several mathematical learning contexts, relatively limited attention has been given to how visualization mediates the transition from symbolic mathematical information to abstract conceptual understanding, particularly in advanced mathematics and mathematically dense academic texts. Based on the synthesis, this paper proposes a conceptual pathway in which visual representation supports perception, relationship recognition, mathematical reasoning, symbolic connection, and ultimately abstract mathematical understanding.

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Visual learning, mathematical visualization, abstract mathematics, visual representations, mathematical reasoning, conceptual understanding, digital mathematics learning.

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The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming digital marketing by enabling organizations to provide personalized, interactive, and real-time customer communication. In the pharmaceutical sector, AI-powered chatbots are emerging as an important digital interface for disseminating product information, responding to customer queries, facilitating information search, and strengthening customer engagement. However, the application of AI chatbots in pharmaceutical marketing presents distinctive challenges because pharmaceutical communication involves health-related information, consumer trust, privacy, information accuracy, ethical responsibility, and regulatory considerations. This conceptual research paper examines the role of AI chatbots in online pharmaceutical marketing, with particular emphasis on their potential influence on customer engagement and consumer decision-making. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework, the paper develops a conceptual model in which AI chatbot effectiveness is represented through responsiveness, information quality, personalization, ease of use, availability, interactivity, and perceived usefulness. These characteristics are proposed to influence customer engagement and, subsequently, consumer decision-making. A single overarching hypothesis is developed for future empirical testing. The paper synthesizes recent literature on AI chatbots, healthcare conversational agents, customer engagement, trust, and pharmaceutical applications of AI. Recent evidence indicates that AI conversational agents are increasingly used across healthcare, although their effectiveness and safety remain unevenly established. Research in India also indicates that trust significantly influences intention to use healthcare chatbots. The paper contributes to the emerging literature by positioning AI chatbots as conversational marketing interfaces rather than merely automated customer-service tools. It also highlights the importance of accuracy, transparency, privacy, responsible persuasion, and human oversight in pharmaceutical chatbot implementation. The proposed framework provides a foundation for future empirical research and offers practical implications for pharmaceutical marketers seeking to adopt AI-enabled digital engagement strategies responsibly.

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Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, AI Chatbots, Pharmaceutical Marketing, Digital Marketing, Customer Engagement, Consumer Decision-Making, Conversational Marketing, Healthcare AI

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Econazole nitrate, UV spectrophotometric method, accuracy, precision, repeatability.

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This paper examines Naheed Phiroze Patel's debut novel A Mirror Made of Rain through the lens of attachment theory. The novel traces the life of Noomi Wadia, a young woman growing up under the shadow of her alcoholic mother, Asha, whose inconsistent caregiving leaves lasting psychological wounds. Drawing on the foundational work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, this analysis argues that the mother-daughter relationship functions as a broken mirror that distorts Noomi's sense of self and shaping her patterns of unstable adult relationships, emotional dysregulation and self-destructive behaviour. This paper first examines how Asha's parenting contributes to insecure attachment through inconsistent responses, emotional unavailability and role reversal. It then traces how these childhood attachment patterns manifest in Noomi's adulthood, including her alcohol dependency, fractured identity and fear of repeating her mother's mistakes. The paper also identifies protective factors, particularly her father, Jeh's steady presence and Noomi's eventual capacity for reflective self-awareness and movement toward earned security that open pathways toward healing. The paper concludes that while the novel offers no easy redemption, it presents a realistic portrait of how insecure bonds can be understood and through conscious effort, partially repaired. Patel's work thus serves as a compelling literary case study for understanding the intergenerational transmission of attachment patterns and the slow, unfinished work of breaking the cycle.

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Insecure attachment, Earned security, Intergenerational transmission, Attachment theory, Mother-daughter relationship.

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Abstract-- With the speed of change and the impact of digital technologies on retail, retailers are increasingly adopting omnichannel retailing, which involves blending physical and digital channels, to create a unified and personalized customer journey. The current research is based on the analysis of the effect of omnichannel retail on consumer experience of retail customers of Nashik city. The study seeks to gain insights into the significance of omnichannel retailing practices, breakdown their impact on the customer experience, and propose strategies to improve customer engagement and satisfaction. The research design used was a quantitative research design, and the research methods used were questionnaires, which were structured on a 5-point Likert scale, and a sample of 400 retail consumers were used. The respondents were selected using convenience sampling method, where consumers who have experienced both online and offline integrated shopping experiences were considered. The correlation coefficient, regression analysis and ANOVA techniques were used to analyze the primary data obtained from the survey. The results show that there is a significant positive relationship between the use of omnichannel retailing practices and the changes in the consumer's experience. Channel integration, personalization, convenience, information consistency, and customer service were identified as significant drivers towards improved consumer satisfaction. The study also shows that certain demographic factors can impact consumer perceptions and experiences relating to the 'omnichannel retailing' concept. The research underscores the need for retailers to shift to customer-centric and technology-driven approaches in making the interactions across touchpoints seamless. This study adds to the existing body of research on omnichannel retailing and draws empirical conclusions from an emerging Indian urban retail market. The results provide actionable insights for retailers looking to enhance customer relationships and engagement and gain a competitive edge by leveraging an effective omnichannel approach.

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Omnichannel Retailing, Consumer Experience, Channel Integration, Customer Satisfaction, Retail Technology.

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Inclusive education seeks to provide equitable learning opportunities for all students, including those with disabilities and from socio-economically disadvantaged groups, within mainstream classrooms. In Bihar, one of India's most educationally challenged states, secondary school teachers encounter multiple barriers that hinder the effective implementation of inclusive education policies such as the Right to Education (RTE) Act 2009, the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act 2016, Samagra Shiksha, and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. This paper examines the barriers perceived by secondary school teachers in Bihar through a synthesis of empirical studies, official data (UDISE+, SSA reports), and research on teacher perceptions. Major barriers identified include inadequate infrastructure and accessibility, insufficient teacher training and pedagogical preparedness, large class sizes and high pupil-teacher ratios, attitudinal and socio-cultural challenges (including caste bias and stigma), rigid curriculum and assessment systems, shortage of special educators and support staff, limited assistive technology and resources, and weak policy implementation and monitoring. The paper discusses the implications of these barriers for classroom practices and student outcomes and offers recommendations for systemic improvement. Strengthening teacher capacity, infrastructure, collaborative support structures, and accountability mechanisms is essential for translating inclusive policy into meaningful secondary-level practice in Bihar.

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Inclusive education; Barriers to inclusion; Secondary school teachers; Bihar; Infrastructure and accessibility; Teacher training; Right to Education Act; Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act; National Education Policy 2020; Samagra Shiksha; Children with Special Needs (CWSN)

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