Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) are designed with a lower bulk density than gastric fluids, enabling them to remain buoyant in the stomach for extended periods without affecting the gastric emptying rate. While floating on the stomach's contents, these systems release medication in a controlled and sustained manner. Once the drug is fully released, the system disintegrates or is emptied from the stomach. This mechanism increases the Gastric Residence Time (GRT), leading to improved control over fluctuations in plasma drug concentration. To achieve this, FDDS must possess sufficient structural integrity to form a cohesive gel barrier and release the drug gradually while maintaining a density lower than that of gastric fluids. These systems are typically developed using effervescent and non-effervescent approaches that rely on buoyancy mechanisms. Such methodologies are particularly beneficial for delivering drugs with a narrow therapeutic window. Our review aims to provide detailed insights into the pharmaceutical principles guiding the design, classification, and preparation of FDDS. It also explores factors influencing their performance, their advantages, applications, limitations, and potential future advancements in this innovative drug delivery system.

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 Keywords

Floating drug delivery system, Pantoprazole, Polymer, Gastroretentive system, Prolonged Gastric Retention

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Background and purpose Geriatrics is the study of elderly aged people. Older people can move less, making them prone to deconditioning and a host of other consequences including stiffness, weakness, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular changes, decreased balance, cognitive disorders etc. Aerobic or endurance training can help to maintain various aspects of heart and lung function and cardiac output. Aerobic activity enables the body to burn calories, a function referred to as a metabolic equivalent (MET). Aerobic activity is defined as any activity that uses large muscle groups, can be maintained continuously, and is rhythmic in nature. This study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Aerobic exercise in Geriatrics in improving the functional status. Methodology 30 elderly subjects were randomly selected based on selection criteria. Aerobic exercises such as walking, jogging and bicycle ergometry in less repetition per minute (RPM) were selected by patients depending on their convenience. Blood pressure, Pulse rate, Respiratory rate, Dynamic lung functions such as forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume percentage (FEV%), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and their wellbeing was measured for all the subjects before and after each season of aerobic exercise. Results The statistical analysis was done using independent Student's t test for comparing two different sets of data. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) Newman-Kaul's multiple range tests with Bonferroni-Holm method was used for multiple comparisons. Conclusion The results indicated that after the aerobic exercise program there was a significant reduction of blood pressure and increase in pulse rate, respiratory rate (RR) and dynamic lung functions such as FVC, FEV1, FEV%, PEFR and MVV, and the wellbeing of elderly subjects participated in the study. Hence the result proves that the low intensity aerobic exercises help elderly persons in improving the cardiovascular endurance and quality of life.

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Key words: Aerobic exercise, Repetition per minute, Anova, Newman-kaul's Multiple range Test, Bonferroni Holm method

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Abstract The relationship between law, spirituality, and justice in India reflects a deeply rooted and evolving synthesis, shaped by centuries of philosophical, cultural, and legal development. This article examines how spiritual principles such as Dharma (moral duty) and Nyaya (justice) have historically informed Indian jurisprudence and continue to influence contemporary legal thought. Drawing on foundational texts like the Vedas, Upanishads, and Dharmashastras, it highlights the enduring ethical values of equity, fairness, and compassion embedded in India's justice tradition. Tracing the evolution of Indian legal systems--from ancient codes and customary law to the transformations under medieval and colonial regimes--the article explores how spiritual ideals have persisted and adapted within the modern constitutional framework. Landmark judicial decisions affirming human dignity, environmental protection, and restorative justice illustrate the ongoing integration of spiritual values into legal reasoning. At the same time, the paper addresses the complexities of navigating spiritual influence within a secular, pluralistic democracy. The tension between constitutional guarantees and religious practices underscores the need for a jurisprudence that is both inclusive and just. The contemporary relevance of spirituality is further reflected in areas such as social justice, human rights, and environmental law, with mechanisms like Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)--inspired by Gandhian ethics--exemplifying the practical application of these values. The article concludes by advocating for a thoughtful synthesis of spiritual heritage and constitutional principles, fostering a justice system that is both rooted in tradition and responsive to modern democratic ideals.

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Key words: law, spirituality, justice, modern Indian judiciary and spiritual values, criticism, call for a balanced approach.

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Mobile payment systems have become very fast, and the number has shot up rapidly changing the face of financial transactions with a high level of convenience. This development however comes along with a rising menace of security. The present paper is a review paper which takes a detailed look at security in mobile payment applications and pays particular attention to the issue of user awareness, which has become especially relevant to maintaining security posture. Benefitting on the bespoke recent academic literature, this review examines how user preferences, perceived security as well as usability related questions across distinct demographics affect security measure adoption and success. We also synthesize our findings on recurrent threats to security and the systems developed to combat these threats respectively with the aim of noting how the behaviour of the users which in many instances is influenced by lack of awareness or the comfort of the user may jeopardise the most secure security protocols. The insights we have gained stipulate the importance of collaborating the user-friendly design standards with good technical security to create a more secure mobile payment environment.

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Mobile Payment Systems, Security, Mobile applications, Threats and challenges, Encryption and Data privacy, Perceived security, ease of use of users, payment preference, human-computer interaction (HCI), and accessibility, older adult / Senior citizens, consumer behavior / users continuance intention.

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The rise of social media has transformed how people communicate, share information, and build communities. However, this growth has also led to a surge in fake profiles, which pose serious threats such as misinformation, cyberbullying, identity theft, and online scams. Detecting these fraudulent accounts has become crucial to maintaining the integrity of online platforms. This project aims to develop a system that automatically identifies fake social media profiles using machine learning techniques. By analyzing various features such as profile activity, friend patterns, content characteristics, and account metadata, the model can distinguish between genuine and deceptive accounts. The system is trained on a labelled dataset and uses classifiers like Decision Trees, Random Forest, or Support Vector Machines to achieve accurate detection. The proposed solution enhances platform security and user trust while reducing the manual effort required for moderation. The results demonstrate promising accuracy, indicating the model's effectiveness in real-world applications.

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Fake Profile Detection Social Media Security Machine Learning Online Fraud Detection Identity Theft Prevention Misinformation Control

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ABSTRACT Premium pricing has grown increasingly popular among brands as a means of creating products that stand out from the crowd and separate them from other similar products already on the market. This marketing tool has gained significant prominence in the fields of marketing research and international marketing. As a result, charging a greater price to attract customers with higher income levels has emerged as an effective marketing tool. According to the study's objectives, consumer attitude should be evaluated, with a particular emphasis on adopting pricing strategies for online products. A descriptive research design was used in this study, which included 191 online customers from Chennai. The findings of the study revealed that respondents' income, brand image, and brand association are the significant determinants that influence consumers' attitude when it comes to the purchase of premium brands, and that these factors play a role in consumers' decision-making and that they always take these factors into consideration.

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Keywords: Premium Pricing, Online Customers, Brand Image, Elite-Customers, Customer Attitude.

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The film Cinderella is one of the most beloved fairy tales, captivating children across all age groups and cultures. This study examines the evolution of the female protagonist, Cinderella, in the context of gender identity and roles. It is mainly focusing on sequels produced by Walt Disney. Although, the extensive research has been done on the stereotypical portrayal of Cinderella and it's various adaptations but, there is a notable gap in comparative analyses that track the character's development of Cinderella over the time period 1950-2007. The method of research is Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). This research utilizes politeness theory and conversation analysis to investigate three key sequels: "Cinderella," "Cinderella: Dreams Come True", and "Cinderella: A Twist in Time". The research findings reveal an important transformation in Cinderella's character, showing a progression from traditional, submissive roles to a self-determined, empowered, and independent individual. Cinderella challenges stereotypes and inspires viewers to reconsider their own beliefs about gender. This shift not only enriches the narrative but, also reflects and contributes to broader societal changes in attitudes towards gender equality and empowerment.

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Cinderella, Sequels, CDA, Politeness, Gender, Evolution

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Pakshaghat, derived from the Sanskrit words "Paksha" (one half of the body) and "Aghata" (affliction or injury), is a neurological disorder characterized by paralysis of one side of the body, typically resulting from a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke. It is classified under Vata Vyadhi in Ayurvedic literature due to the predominance of vitiated Vata dosha, which governs all neurological and motor functions in the body. Pakshaghat not only presents as a major motor disability but also significantly impairs the individual's quality of life, social functioning, and mental health. Pakshaghat is one of the Nanatmaja Vata Vyadhis presenting with paralysis of one side of the body. It closely corresponds to hemiplegia due to ischemic Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) in modern medicine. From the Ayurvedic perspective, such neurological deficits are linked with deranged Vata involving Majjavaha and Rasavaha Srotas. Management emphasizes Panchakarma, Rasayana, and Brihmana chikitsa. In the modern medical context, stroke is a sudden loss of brain function caused by either ischemia (blockage of a cerebral artery) or hemorrhage (rupture of a blood vessel). The most common cause of hemiplegia is ischemic stroke, typically affecting the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, which supplies a major portion of the cerebral cortex responsible for motor control. The result is often unilateral paralysis, speech impairment (aphasia if the dominant hemisphere is involved), facial asymmetry, sensory loss, and other associated neurological deficits.

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Pakshaghat, Cerebrovascular Accident, Hemiplegia, Panchakarma, Basti, Rasayana, Ayurveda,Vata Vyadhi

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Abstract This study aims to examine the efficacy of the Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation (JPMR) intervention in reducing test anxiety among college students and to explore the influence of demographic variables on the outcomes. Test anxiety was assessed using the Test Anxiety Scale developed by Senthil and Kadhivaran (2017). The research design included two groups: an experimental group that received the JPMR intervention and a control group. Paired Comparison Statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the JPMR intervention significantly reduced test anxiety in the experimental group compared to the control group. Demographic variables, such as gender were found to influence anxiety levels, with female students reporting higher levels of test anxiety than males. These findings suggest that JPMR is an effective method for alleviating test anxiety, and demographic factors should be considered when designing interventions for anxiety management in academic settings.

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College Students, Experimental Group, JPMR, Test Anxiety

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