Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

This study presents a detailed mapping of the innovation ecosystem across Indian states, employing the Global Innovation Index (GII) framework with an emphasis on sectoral performance and institutional structures. Using secondary data spanning 2015 to 2024, this paper analyzes regional disparities in innovation capability and output through a multidimensional lens. It draws data from GII Reports (WIPO, INSEAD, Cornell), NITI Aayog's India Innovation Index, State Economic Surveys, DPIIT Startup Rankings, and national R&D statistics.The GII framework classifies innovation into two broad categories: Innovation Inputs (Institutions, Human Capital & Research, Infrastructure, Market & Business Sophistication) and Innovation Outputs (Knowledge & Technology Outputs, Creative Outputs). Applying this to Indian states, the study reveals stark variations in innovation performance. For example, as per the India Innovation Index 2021, Karnataka ranked 1st, driven by high R&D investment (INR10,484 crore in 2020-21), a vibrant startup ecosystem (over 13,000 startups registered by 2023), and institutions like IISc, ISRO, and multiple incubators. Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu followed due to their strength in manufacturing innovation, academic-industry linkages, and strong IP filing performance. Maharashtra alone accounted for 11.4% of India's patent filings in 2022. In contrast, states like Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh ranked among the lowest due to low GERD (Gross Expenditure on R&D), poor infrastructure, and weak institutional support. For instance, Bihar's GERD as a share of GSDP was below 0.03% in 2022 compared to Karnataka's 0.93%. Moreover, while Kerala ranks high in human capital (literacy rate over 96%, high HEI density), it lags in startup facilitation and tech transfer mechanisms, indicating institutional gaps despite sectoral readiness. The study categorizes innovation into four sectors--IT & Services, Manufacturing, Agriculture, and Green Technologies. Sectoral analysis shows that: Karnataka and Telangana dominate in IT innovation, supported by skilled talent and policy support. Tamil Nadu leads in manufacturing R&D and product innovation. Punjab and Haryana show strong growth in agricultural innovation, including precision farming and biotech. Gujarat and Rajasthan are emerging in renewable energy and green technologies, backed by solar and wind infrastructure and policy subsidies. Institutionally, states with active innovation councils, PPP-led incubators, and university-linked R&D centers outperformed those lacking coordination. For instance, Gujarat's iCreate and Tamil Nadu's Innovation Grand Challenge are institutional models worth replicating.

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 Keywords

Sector-wise Innovation Trends in Indian States, Institutional Factors Influencing Innovation, Theoretical Framework, Integration of the Triple Helix Model, Methodology, Institutional Perspective, Policy Implications and Recommendations.

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??????? ?? 73??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? 2006 ?? ???? 90 ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????-????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? 1860 ?? ???? 140, 142, 143, 145, 147, 151, 153, 160, 172, 174, 178, 179, 269, 277, 283, 285, 286, 289, 290, 294, 323, 334, 336, 341, 352, 356, 357, 358, 374, 403, 406, 428, 430, 447, 448, 502, 504, 506, 510 ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???1

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??????? ???, ???????? ??? ?????????, ????? ??????? ??? ??????? 2006

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Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) is a voltage sourced converter based series FACTS device that provides capacitive or inductive compensation independent of line current. This research paper presents the achievement of the required active and reactive power flow into the line for the purpose of compensation as well as validation of enhancement of the power system performance of a transmission line by connecting the SSSC on appropriate location. The effect of variation of the phase angle of the injected voltage on the power system parameters such as sending end voltage, transmission angle, active power, reactive power, and overall power factor with and without SSSC have also been incorporated. The Performance of power system have been tested on IEEE 14-Bus System.

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 Keywords

Flexible ac transmission (FACTS), static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), voltage sourced converter (VSC), static compensator (STATCOM).

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Krutim Bhudimata (AI) Ke Sadhupyog Me Ashtang Yog Ki Prasangita

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Krutim Bhudimata (AI) Ke Sadhupyog Me Ashtang Yog Ki Prasangita

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This research paper presents a comparative analysis between the Gurukul system of education and modern schooling. The Gurukul system, rooted in Indian cultural and moral traditions, emphasizes spiritual and value-based learning, while modern schools are largely based on Western frameworks and emphasize academic and professional development. Through the integration of both systems, education today is becoming more effective. This study highlights key differences in structure, ethical teachings, lifestyle education, and the use of technology, based on interviews and observations from 3 Gurukuls and 3 modern schools. The findings suggest that a balance between traditional values and modern methods can create a more holistic educational experience.

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Gurukul, Modern School, Moral Education, Educational System, Values, Comparison

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and hypertension are interconnected disorders that adversely affect health and substantially raise the risk of cardiovascular disease. CKD often arises as a consequence of T2DM and hypertension, leading to progressive renal dysfunction. Conventional management includes pharmacological interventions, but alternative approaches, such as Ayurveda, offer promising complementary therapies. This case study evaluates the impact of Ayurvedic interventions on CKD with coexisting hypertension and T2DM in a 69-year-old male patient at Jeena Sikho Lifecare Limited Hospital, Derabassi, India. The patient, with a long-standing history of hypertension for 10 years and T2DM for 20 years, presented with symptomatology of CKD, including pedal oedema, burning sensation, general weakness, insomnia raised serum creatinine, and anemia. A 12-day inpatient Ayurvedic treatment regimen, including Panchkarma therapies and Ayurvedic formulations, resulted in significant symptom relief. Laboratory investigations revealed improvements in renal function, with reductions in serum creatinine and urea levels. These findings highlight the potential of Ayurvedic treatments in CKD management. However, further large-scale clinical trials are necessary to validate their efficacy and establish standardized protocols for integrated Ayurvedic care in CKD treatment.

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Ayurveda, Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension, Madhumeh, Panchkarma, Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Vataj Pandu, Mutraghat

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Marriage is often viewed as a societal institution built on companionship and love. However, in the novel, Bombay Time by Thrity Umrigar, marriage becomes a site of trauma, patriarchal control and emotional neglect. Through the protagonist Coomi, the novel examines the psychological struggles of women who are imprisoned in unloving relationships, deprived of emotional fulfillment, and burdened by societal expectations. Coomi's marriage to Rusi begins with affection and hope, but soon worsens as she experiences emotional isolation, verbal and psychological abuse, and the intrusive presence of her mother-in-law, Khorshed Bilimoria. Rusi's emotional distance and unjustified blame further deepen Coomi's agony, reinforcing the idea that women in traditional marriages are supposed to put up with, adapt to, and remain silent. Through the feminist and psychoanalytic perspectives, this paper explores how Bombay Time critiques the patriarchal structures that dictate women's roles within marriage, ultimately questioning whether marriage is a source of fulfillment or only a means of oppressing women.

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Marriage, Thirty Umrigar, Bombay Time, Trauma.

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This case study highlights the therapeutic value of Ayurvedic treatment in managing Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) in a 65-year-old male patient with comorbid hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD). The treatment approach included dietary and lifestyle modifications, Panchkarma therapies, and Ayurvedic formulations. The patient reported significant symptomatic improvement in fatigue, dyspnea, pedal edema, gastric disturbances, itchiness, and sleep irregularities. Fibro Scan results showed a reduction in liver fat content (CAP decreased from 261 to 207) and a notable decline in liver stiffness (from 18 to 14.3 kPa), indicating regression in hepatic fibrosis. Ayurvedic herbs like Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), and Neem (Azadirachta indica) were instrumental due to their hepatoprotective, detoxifying, and immunomodulatory properties as explained through their Rasapanchaka characteristics. The Ayurvedic interventions appeared effective in improving liver function and quality of life in CLD, emphasizing Ayurveda's potential as a complementary approach in chronic hepatic disorders.

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Ayurveda, chronic liver disease, hepatoprotection, liver fibrosis, Panchkarma, Fibro scan.

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As education becomes increasingly digital, students face challenges related to posture, digital distractions, and eye strain caused by prolonged screen exposure. This paper presents the design and development of a smart study table that addresses these concerns through ergonomic adjustability, a projection-based digital interface, and an integrated AI-powered tutor. The table supports both sitting and standing modes, reduces visual fatigue via projection-based displays, and enhances focus with personalized digital assistance. The design was developed through a user-centered approach, validated by prototyping and user testing, confirming its impact on comfort, productivity, and digital wellness.

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Smart furniture, AI tutor, Study table, Digital learning, Ergonomics, Projection interface

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Aquasomes Are Innovative, Nanoscale Delivery Vehicles That Merge the Benefits of Nanotechnology with Biological Stability. These Three-Layered Self-Assembling Structures Comprise a Solid Core (Commonly Made of Calcium Phosphate or Tin Oxide), A Carbohydrate Coating, And an Outer Layer That Carries Bioactive Molecules Such as Proteins, Peptides, And Genetic Material. The Unique Structural Design Enables Aquasomes to Preserve the Therapeutic Integrity of Sensitive Molecules While Ensuring Targeted and Controlled Delivery. With Their Ability to Maintain Drug Stability and Functionality, Aquasomes Represent a Next-Generation Platform in Drug Delivery, Offering Promising Prospects for Clinical and Pharmaceutical Advancements.

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Aquasomes, Self assembling carrier system, Novel drug delivery, Core Material

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition