Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Introduction: Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, encourages living in harmony with nature. One important habit it recommends is waking up during Brahma Muhurta, which is about 1.5 hours before sunrise. Traditional texts and modern science both highlight this period's significance in enhancing physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Methods: This article is based on information collected from ancient Ayurvedic texts, modern science books, journals, and online sources. The goal was to understand why waking up early, especially during Brahma Muhurta, is so beneficial. Discussion: Both Ayurveda and modern science agree that Brahma Muhurta is a special time for physical, mental, and spiritual health. Starting the day at this time can prevent many common health problems and improve overall well-being. Results: The review indicates that Brahma Muhurta aligns with the body's circadian rhythm, when hormones such as cortisol peak and melatonin diminish promoting alertness, mental clarity, and optimal metabolic function. This Vata-dominant period enhances bowel movements, supports meditation and yoga practices, and fosters a positive mental state. In contrast, waking later in the Kapha period leads to lethargy, poor digestion, and diminished vitality. Conclusion: Getting up during Brahma Muhurta is a simple habit that brings big health benefits. It helps us live a better, longer, and more peaceful life by staying in tune with nature and our body's natural rhythm.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Brahmamuhurta, Dincharya, Lifestyle, Healthy start, Ayurveda, Circadian rhythm.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Let R be a 2-torsion free prime ring and J be a non zero Jordan ideal of R. Suppose that F : R -> R is a generalized derivation associated with non zero derivation d. If F (xy) - d(x)F (y) - xy ? Z(R), for all x, y ? J, then R is a commutative ring.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Prime ring, Generalized derivation, Jordan ideal.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study evaluates the tablet scoring performance of Losartan Potassium 25 mg to ensure compliance with the FDA Guideline for Industry Tablet Scoring: Nomenclature, Labeling, and Data for Evaluation. The aim was to verify whether the scored tablets maintain their quality, dosage accuracy, and dissolution properties when split, as this is critical for patients dosing flexibility. Tests were conducted on exhibit batches, including mass loss (at low, optimum, and high speeds; limit NMT 3%), friability (under similar conditions; limit NMT 1%), dissolution (30-minute assay comparing manual vs. splitter division), and content uniformity (limit <=15% RSD). Results confirmed that all parameters met acceptance criteria: mass loss and friability were within limits across splitting methods, dissolution profiles remained consistent, and content uniformity adhered to regulatory standards. The study concludes that Losartan Potassium 25 mg are suitable for scoring, as they retain structural integrity, drug release performance, and dose accuracy when split, supporting their safe use in clinical practice.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Losartan Potassium, Friability, Content Uniformity, Scoring, dosage accuracy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India is gifted with a variety of beautiful and contrasting cultures. People here speak different languages which can be the result of geographical diversity, people migrating from different parts of the world over the past centuries, evolution of various languages, communities developing their own regional languages etc. Though Hindi is one of the official languages of our country and one of the major languages spoken across the country, there are still many places where people do not communicate in Hindi. The reason for this may vary from place to place. In non-Hindi speaking regions, children learn Hindi language as one of the subjects taught in the school. Even though children are taught Hindi from a young age, they find it difficult to understand the language and can barely communicate in Hindi. The present study investigates the Hindi Language Competency level of elementary school students who are studying in government and private schools within Aizawl city and also compares the Hindi Language Competency level with respect to gender and management. Hindi Language Competency test was constructed, validated and used for data collection by the investigator. The sample consists of 245 elementary school students (107 Boys and 138 Girls). In this study, no significant difference was found in the Hindi language Competency level of elementary school students with respect to gender although there was a significant difference in the Hindi language Competency level of elementary school students with respect to management.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Official language, Hindi language competency

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The mid-Forties witnessed in Bangla young adult fiction, the rise of the Dada-figure; an effectively oddball amalgamation of the 'Mittyesque' and the classic club-storyteller, that adopted an inharmonious mode of narration and went on adding layers of historical, geographical, socio-political and cultural idiosyncrasies unto itself, until it became an entirely exclusive entity of Bengal. Trying to grapple with the experiential void of the Bengali commoner, the Dada became that subversive manifestation of the shaman who 'healed' the third-world miseries of postcolonial Bengal through his broad strokes of outlandish fantasy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Daydreamer, Storyteller, Hunger, Adda, Escape

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Periodontal inflammation is a complex and dynamic immunobiological response to microbial challenge, central to the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis. This review outlines the foundational aspects of periodontal inflammation, beginning with microbial etiology and host-pathogen interactions, and progressing through the clinical and histological features that mark disease evolution. A detailed account of the innate and adaptive immune responses underscores the roles of neutrophils, cytokines, and T cell subsets in driving either resolution or chronicity. Importantly, recent insights into pro-resolving mediators, such as resolvins and lipoxins, reveal inflammation resolution as an active process with substantial therapeutic potential. The review also explores emerging host-modulatory interventions, immune-engineered biomaterials, and microbiome-targeted therapies, positioning these advances within the broader movement toward precision periodontology. Collectively, the integration of molecular, cellular, and clinical perspectives offers a comprehensive foundation for understanding and managing periodontal inflammation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

periodontal inflammation, immune response, resolution mediators, host modulation therapy, microbiome, immune-engineering.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Tourism is increasingly recognised as a vital sector for regional development, especially in areas with a rich convergence of natural beauty, religious heritage, and cultural traditions. This descriptive paper explores the potential of tourism in the Birbhum district of West Bengal, drawing exclusively on existing academic literature, government reports, and policy documents. Known for landmarks such as Shantiniketan, Tarapith, and Ballabhpur Wildlife Sanctuary, Birbhum possesses significant assets for cultural, religious, and rural tourism. Yet, the region remains underdeveloped in tourism infrastructure, visibility, and integrated planning. The paper synthesises scholarly perspectives to examine how cultural festivals, pilgrimage circuits, and rural livelihoods intersect with tourism development in Birbhum. It critically reviews the theoretical foundations of sustainable and community-based tourism, assesses institutional challenges, and discusses the spatial dynamics of tourism in backward districts. The study does not use any primary data or fieldwork; instead, it evaluates secondary sources to highlight key opportunities and constraints. The findings suggest that a strategically integrated and literature-informed approach to tourism planning--linking cultural authenticity, environmental stewardship, and community participation--can position Birbhum as a replicable model for inclusive regional development. The paper offers policy insights relevant for planners, academics, and development practitioners interested in heritage-based and rural tourism in Eastern India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Birbhum tourism, regional development, cultural tourism, religious tourism, rural tourism, literature-based study, sustainable tourism, West Bengal geography

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper explores the design variables of private blockchain systems in balancing data integrity and performance within Building Management Systems (BMS). It highlights the significant role of blockchain technology, particularly private blockchains, in enhancing data handling and trustworthiness. The analysis delves into how key design elements such as consensus mechanisms, access permissions, and scalability impact system efficiency and reliability. Furthermore, it discusses the integration of emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and edge computing to improve these design variables, optimizing data processing and decision-making. Ultimately, this study suggests that a thoughtful approach to private blockchain design is essential for achieving a sustainable equilibrium in BMS, optimizing both performance and data integrity for diverse applications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Private blockchain, data integrity, performance, Building Management Systems (BMS), consensus mechanisms, scalability, security, artificial intelligence, edge computing

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni is a well-known Indian American author who explores the trajectory of the lives of women. She tries to project the problems of oppressed women. Her works mostly deal with the themes like cultural identity, immigration sensibility, i.e. the sense of being caught between two worlds, sense of alienation, belongingness, complexity in relationships, and so on. Her works are usually women centric where she explores the world and emotions of women particularly their struggles, empowerment and resilience in the patriarchal society. The protagonists in her novels are usually women who narrate the story through their own perspectives. This is apparent in her novels like The Mistress of Spices, Sister of My Heart, The Palace of Illusions and so on. Divakaruni has projected the world of women in the novel, Sister of My Heart, through the two women characters, Sudha and Anju. The two sisters share a deep emotional bond and stand for each other during their adverse times by overlooking their personal problems. These sisters navigate the tension between societal expectations and self-realization. Both the protagonists are bound by traditional gender roles with respect to their relationships to family, marriage and social duty. However, with the passage of time, as their personal experiences unfold that are marked by love, betrayal, loss, sacrifice; they gradually subvert these roles and embark their journey towards selfhood. Sudha is projected as a submissive character who later becomes self-assertive. On the other hand, Anju is projected as an empowered character within restrictive social structures who struggles for her identity in the foreign land. Through their resilience and emotional growth, the novelist highlights the transformative potential of women as they resist against the patriarchal norms and break free from such constraints. The novel, Sister of My Heart, projects the complexities of female identity formation by focusing on the interplay between societal expectations and personal independence. The novel's narrative leads us to a discourse on gender discrimination, empowerment of women, challenges of a multicultural world within restrictive social constructs.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key Words: patriarchy, empowerment, self-identity, relationship, resilience

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

भारत में मुस्लिम महिलाओं के वैवाहिक अधिकारों की सुरक्षा एवं लैंगिक समानता सुनिश्चित करने की दिशा में 'मुस्लिम महिला (विवाह अधिकार संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 2019' एक ऐतिहासिक कदम माना गया है। यह शोध पत्र ट्रिपल तलाक की प्रथा पर कानूनी प्रतिबंध के पश्चात मुस्लिम महिलाओं की सामाजिक स्थिति, कानूनी जागरूकता और सशक्तिकरण के स्तर में आए बदलावों का विश्लेषण करता है। इस अध्ययन में राजस्थान के कुछ चयनित शहरी और ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों की मुस्लिम महिलाओं से प्राप्त प्राथमिक आंकड़ों तथा विभिन्न रिपोर्टों एवं विधिक दस्तावेजों का विश्लेषण किया गया है। शोध के निष्कर्ष बताते हैं कि ट्रिपल तलाक कानून से महिलाओं में आत्मविश्वास की वृद्धि हुई है, लेकिन अभी भी व्यापक स्तर पर कानूनी जानकारी एवं सामाजिक समर्थन की आवश्यकता है। यह शोध सामाजिक सुधार, महिला सशक्तिकरण एवं विधिक साक्षरता की दिशा में एक महत्त्वपूर्ण विमर्श प्रस्तुत करता है, जो नीति-निर्माताओं एवं सामाजिक संगठनों के लिए उपयोगी सिद्ध हो सकता है। भारत जैसे बहुसांस्कृतिक देश में मुस्लिम समुदाय की पारिवारिक परंपराओं में तीन तलाक की प्रथा लंबे समय से विवादास्पद रही है। यह प्रथा, विशेषकर "तत्काल तीन तलाक" (Instant Triple Talaq), मुस्लिम महिलाओं के मौलिक अधिकारों, मानवीय गरिमा और लैंगिक समानता के विरुद्ध मानी गई है। 2017 में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा इसे असंवैधानिक घोषित करने के पश्चात, "मुस्लिम महिला (विवाह अधिकार संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 2019" अधिनियमित किया गया, जिसने इस प्रथा को दंडनीय अपराध घोषित कर दिया। यह शोध पत्र ट्रिपल तलाक कानून के लागू होने के बाद मुस्लिम महिलाओं की सामाजिक, वैवाहिक और मानसिक स्थिति में हुए परिवर्तनों का समकालीन विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। शोध में राजस्थान के कुछ शहरी एवं ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में रहने वाली मुस्लिम महिलाओं से साक्षात्कार एवं प्रश्नावली द्वारा प्राथमिक आंकड़े एकत्रित किए गए हैं। साथ ही, द्वितीयक स्रोतों जैसे न्यायिक निर्णयों, सरकारी रिपोर्टों, सामाजिक संगठनों की दस्तावेज़ी जानकारी और समाचार पत्रों की समीक्षा भी की गई है। शोध में यह पाया गया कि कानून बनने के बाद मुस्लिम महिलाओं में अपने अधिकारों को लेकर जागरूकता में वृद्धि हुई है। कई महिलाएँ अब तलाक की प्रक्रिया और इसके वैध प्रावधानों को बेहतर समझ रही हैं। हालांकि, पारिवारिक और सामाजिक दबाव, धार्मिक भय और कानूनी सहायता की कमी अभी भी कई महिलाओं को न्याय पाने से वंचित कर रही है। इस शोध का निष्कर्ष यह है कि केवल कानून बनाना पर्याप्त नहीं है, बल्कि उसके प्रभावी क्रियान्वयन, समुदाय-स्तरीय जागरूकता, और महिला केंद्रित समर्थन प्रणाली का विकास आवश्यक है। यह अध्ययन नीति निर्माताओं, सामाजिक कार्यकर्ताओं और महिला सशक्तिकरण के क्षेत्र में कार्यरत संगठनों के लिए उपयोगी मार्गदर्शन प्रदान करता है।

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

1. मुस्लिम महिला अधिकार 2. ट्रिपल तलाक 3. मुस्लिम महिला (विवाह अधिकार संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 2019 4. लैंगिक समानता 5. वैवाहिक न्याय 6. सामाजिक प्रभाव 7. महिला सशक्तिकरण

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition