Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The Indian legal education system has historically evolved under the influence of colonial governance, where legal training primarily focused on producing professionals to serve the administrative and judicial needs of the British Empire. Even after independence, many remnants of colonial legal structures, teaching methods, and curricula continued to dominate legal institutions. However, the demands of a democratic and socially diverse society now require a transformation in legal education from a rigid, colonial framework to a community-centered and justice-oriented model. This paper examines the transition "from colonial codes to community justice" and explores the urgent need to reform legal education in India in order to make it more socially relevant, inclusive, and responsive to contemporary challenges.

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" From Colonial Codes to Community Justice: Transforming Legal Education in India"

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Stroke is a serious neurological disorder and one of the leading causes of death and permanent disability worldwide. Early detection and timely medical intervention are essential to reduce brain damage and improve patient survival rates. This project presents an Android-based Stroke Detection System developed using Java and XML, integrated with Machine Learning and Generative AI technologies for intelligent and real-time stroke prediction. The system utilizes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with TensorFlow Lite to analyze brain MRI images and detect stroke-related abnormalities. In addition, a Decision Tree algorithm is used to evaluate patient symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle factors through questionnaire-based analysis. The application also incorporates ML Vision for image preprocessing and Natural Language Processing (NLP) with Generative AI to provide personalized healthcare guidance and recommendations. Firebase Realtime Database is used for secure storage and synchronization of patient data and diagnostic results. By combining deep learning, AI-assisted decision-making, and mobile healthcare technologies, the proposed system offers a fast, accurate, low-cost, and user-friendly solution for preliminary stroke screening. The project aims to improve healthcare accessibility, support early diagnosis, and increase public awareness regarding stroke prevention and treatment.

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 Keywords

Stroke Detection, Machine Learning, Generative AI, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), TensorFlow Lite, Android Application, Decision Tree Algorithm, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Firebase Realtime Database, Healthcare Monitoring, Deep Learning, Medical Image Analysis.

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Contract farming has emerged as an important institutional arrangement in Indian agriculture, linking farmers with agribusiness firms, processors, exporters, and retailers through pre-agreed production and marketing contracts. In a country where agriculture remains the primary livelihood source for a large rural population, contract farming offers opportunities such as assured markets, access to modern technology, quality inputs, credit facilities, and stable prices. However, it also raises concerns related to unequal bargaining power, exploitation of small and marginal farmers, delayed payments, contract breaches, and environmental sustainability. This paper examines the concept, evolution, types, opportunities, and challenges of contract farming in India. It further analyzes the policy framework governing contract farming, including recent reforms and state-level initiatives. The paper concludes with policy recommendations aimed at ensuring equitable, transparent, and sustainable contract farming practices that protect farmers' interests while promoting agricultural modernization and rural development.

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Contract farming, Indian agriculture, agribusiness, farmers, agricultural policy, rural development, market linkage.

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Background: Rotator cuff impingement syndrome is a common musculoskeletal disorder causing shoulder pain, restricted range of motion, reduced grip strength, and functional disability. Conventional physiotherapy improves symptoms, but the additional effect of handgrip strengthening exercises remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of handgrip strengthening exercises combined with conventional physiotherapy in patients with rotator cuff impingement syndrome. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 44 participants aged 18-50 years with rotator cuff impingement syndrome. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received conventional physiotherapy along with handgrip strengthening exercises, while Group B received only conventional physiotherapy. Outcome measures included Visual Analog Scale (VAS), shoulder range of motion (ROM), DASH score, and grip strength measured pre- and post-intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0 with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement; however, Group A demonstrated significantly greater reduction in pain, improved ROM, better functional ability, and increased grip strength compared to Group B (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Handgrip strengthening exercises combined with conventional physiotherapy are more effective than conventional therapy alone in improving pain, shoulder mobility, function, and grip strength in patients with rotator cuff impingement syndrome.

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Keywords: Rotator cuff impingement syndrome, handgrip strengthening, shoulder pain, grip strength, physiotherapy, DASH score.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) facilitate the collection and transmission of data through spatially distributed sensor nodes that are generally deployed in a stationary manner. Wireless sensor-based communication systems have emerged as a rapidly growing research domain with extensive industrial applications. WSNs are widely employed in monitoring, control, and surveillance applications due to their capability for real-time data acquisition and communication. In such applications, the performance evaluation of WSN parameters is essential to ensure reliable and efficient network operation. Among the various performance aspects, localization, i.e., the estimation of the position of sensor nodes, plays a critical role in enhancing the quality and efficiency of services provided to end users. Therefore, minimizing localization error has become a significant research objective in WSNs. Localization error, commonly evaluated using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) metric, is influenced by factors such as range estimation accuracy, sensor node density, number of anchor nodes, and communication range. By analysing these parameters, the localization performance of the network can be effectively estimated and optimized. In the present study, a Time-of-Arrival (ToA)-based localization technique integrated with an adaptive information estimation model is proposed to reduce and approximate localization errors in WSNs. Simulation-based performance analysis for range estimation and RMSE evaluation using the proposed ToA method was carried out in the MATLAB environment.

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WSNs-Wireless Sensor Networks, NN-Number of Nodes, AN-Anchor Nodes, CR-Communication Range, ToA-Time of Arrival, RMSE-Root Mean Square Error.

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Herbal moisturizer they are safer, more effective, and have less negative effects than synthetic products, herbal cosmetics have attracted a lot of interest. The goal of the current study was to create and assess a herbal moisturiser that included active components like vitamin C, kojic acid, niacinamide, and vitamin B12 in addition to leaf extracts from Moringa oleifera and Mangifera indica. Stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, glycerin, and liquid paraffin were among the appropriate excipients used in the emulsification process to create the moisturiser. Plant extract and active ingredient concentrations were varied to create three formulations (F1, F2, and F3).Physicochemical characteristics of the produced formulations, including appearance, pH, spreadability, homogeneity, washability, viscosity, microbiological stability, and occlusivity, were assessed. Every formulation had a decent spreadability, an appropriate pH, a smooth texture, and an acceptable look. Formulation F2 showed the highest occlusivity factor, best spreadability, optimal viscosity, and superior cosmetic acceptability of all batches. Throughout the investigation, there was no evidence of microbiological contamination, phase separation, or irritation. The results indicate that the herbal moisturiser is safe and effective for topical use and has good moisturising, antioxidant, and skin-brightening qualities

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Herbal moisturizer, Moringa oleifera, Mangifera indica, Niacinamide, Vitamin C, Kojic acid, Skin hydration.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Chemistry plays an essential role in maintaining human health through nutrition, metabolism, hormonal balance, medicine, and disease prevention. Human health is greatly influenced by healthy lifestyle habits such as proper sleep, stress management, balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and controlled food intake. Modern unhealthy habits including excessive sugar consumption, refined carbohydrates, junk food intake, lack of exercise, and excessive screen time contribute to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hormonal imbalance, and mental stress. This paper discusses the importance of chemistry in human health with emphasis on healthy lifestyle practices, nutritional biochemistry, intermittent fasting, testosterone hormone support, and the health benefits of natural foods such as green tea, garlic, fish, almonds, broccoli, and moringa leaves. The study highlights how chemical processes within the body are affected by diet and lifestyle and how healthy practices can improve overall physical and mental wellness.

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Human health, chemistry, balanced diet, testosterone, exercise, intermittent fasting, nutrition, stress management, healthy lifestyle.

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In recent years, the development paradox of Kerala has taken a new dimension with regard to the fiscal space of the economy. The visibility of the paradox has become more apparent as the state's economy continued to expand while the fiscal position weakened. Kerala's Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) has grown steadily, but public finances remain strained due to structural expenditure commitments, limited own-revenue growth, and rising debt-servicing obligations. The economy's achievements have to be seen in the face of persistent fiscal stress and hence remarked 'a rich society with a fiscally stressed government'. Despite achievements, there are various factors that render Kerala's fiscal position fragile. The present discussion tries to delve into the various reasons that leads to such a conundrum in the economy and the possible ways to address the predicament.

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Gross State Domestic Product, Net State Domestic Product, Fiscal paradox, Fiscal Stress, Fiscal Federalism

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 Abstract

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Financial Technology (Fintech) has significantly transformed the financial services sector by introducing innovative digital solutions such as mobile banking, digital payments, and online financial services. The present study titled "A Study on Level of Awareness and Adoption of Fintech Among Rural Population" with Special Reference to Ernakulam District, aims to examine the level of awareness and adoption of Fintech among the rural population, identify factors influencing usage, and analyse challenges faced in adopting these services. The study is based on both primary and secondary data, with primary data collected through a structured questionnaire from 162 respondents in rural areas of Ernakulam district and analysed using statistical tools such as percentage analysis, frequency, mean, and independent sample t-test. The findings reveal that although awareness of Fintech services among rural respondents is relatively satisfactory, adoption levels are influenced by factors such as education, income, trust, digital literacy, and accessibility, while security concerns and lack of awareness remain major barriers. The study concludes that improving digital and financial literacy, strengthening infrastructure, and conducting awareness programs can enhance Fintech adoption and contribute to greater financial inclusion in rural areas.

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 Keywords

Financial Technology (Fintech), Awareness, Adoption, Rural population, Financial Inclusion

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition