Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The Indian penal system has increasingly leaned toward a reformative philosophy, transitioning away from purely retributive incarceration. Central to this rehabilitation-oriented paradigm is the concept of parole--a temporary or conditional suspension of a sentence designed to allow convicts to maintain familial ties, mitigate the psychological trauma of prolonged confinement, and gradually reintegrate into civil society. However, despite its humane underpinnings, the operation of parole in India faces profound structural contradictions. Lacking a centralized, uniform legislative framework, parole is regulated through fragmented state-specific prison manuals and rules derived from the colonial-era Prisons Act, 1894. This decentralization has given rise to excessive administrative discretion, resulting in systemic inconsistencies, arbitrary denials, and preferential treatment for politically or economically influential inmates. Conversely, marginalized prisoners often languish in custody due to systemic bottlenecks and rigid bureaucratic procedures. This review paper critically analyzes the current legal architecture governing parole in India, evaluates the mechanics and pitfalls of executive discretion, and explores contemporary challenges--such as the risk of recidivism and high-profile misuses--while proposing equitable legislative and technological reforms needed to humanize penal justice.

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 Keywords

Parole in India Prisons Act 1894 Prison Manuals Indian Penal System Criminal Justice Administration

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study has been made to attempt the awareness of FMCG goods after implementation of GST in Namakkal district of Tamilnadu. The food products have been introduced to publishing, advertising and distribution industry is highly aware of competitive and dynamic after implementation of GST. Consumers have a growing preference for healthier and more sustainable price, driving the industry to adopt new technologies that can help improve their product quality and transparency. GST (General Sales Tax) is a tax levied on the sale of most goods and services in India. The technology sector has been monitoring GST closely as it could potentially impact their business. GST is a complex tax regime that could impact different sectors differently. Many companies are trying to understand the awareness of GST on their business, and are working to adopt the necessary changes to their business models. In this study of research revealed how the consumer perceived about the awareness for their taking decision to purchase the products in FMCG later than implementation of GST. For this purpose 150 customers are taken as respondents from Namakkal District based on the convenience sampling method. The data are analyzed using the ANOVA .The consumer plays a crucial role for every FMCG products especially personal care products survival with their awareness on GST. So the researcher concluded that consumer perception to influence the awareness of FMCG products after GST implementation.

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 Keywords

GST, FMCG, Tax levied, Awareness, Influence.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid advancement of digital technology and increased screen exposure have significantly influenced human lifestyle, behavior, and mental health. In Ayurveda, Manovaha Srotas refers to the channels responsible for mental functions and psychological processes. These channels encompass functional elements at the chemical, electrical, neurological, hormonal, and cellular levels, facilitating internal communication and metabolic exchange within the body and mind. Excessive digital screening, including prolonged use of smartphones, computers, televisions, and social media platforms, may disturb the normal functioning of Manovaha Srotas, leading to mental and emotional imbalance. Continuous exposure to digital screens contributes to stress, anxiety, sleep disturbances, reduced concentration, irritability, and emotional instability. Ayurveda correlates these manifestations with the aggravation of Rajas and Tamas doshas, which adversely affect mental clarity and emotional stability. Improper sensory engagement (Asatmya Indriyartha Samyoga) caused by excessive visual and auditory stimulation further vitiates the mind and nervous system. Additionally, sedentary habits associated with excessive screen use negatively impact physical health and overall well-being. This study aims to evaluate the impact of digital screening on Manovaha Srotas through Ayurvedic principles and modern psychological perspectives. It emphasizes the importance of balanced digital exposure, healthy lifestyle practices (Dinacharya), meditation, yoga, adequate sleep, and mindful use of technology in maintaining mental health. Integrating Ayurvedic preventive measures with modern digital hygiene practices may help minimize the adverse effects of excessive screen exposure and promote holistic well-being.

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 Keywords

Manovaha Srotas, Manas, Triguna, Screen Time, Mental Health, Digital Stress,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Restless leg syndrome (RLS), Structured teaching program (STP), Ergonomics

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Assam is a land of rich cultural heritage and diverse social traditions where different ethnic groups, religions, languages, and customs have developed a unique socio-cultural identity through centuries of interaction and coexistence. The socio-cultural structure of Assam reflects unity in diversity, and its society is deeply influenced by traditional beliefs, customs, rituals, festivals, and community practices. Among the districts of Assam, Darrang district occupies an important position for its historical background, cultural diversity, and traditional social institutions. The district represents a harmonious blend of different communities such as Assamese Hindus, Muslims, tribal groups, and other ethnic populations who have preserved their distinct cultural practices while maintaining social unity. The present study attempts to examine the religious and socio-cultural identity of Assam with special reference to Darrang district. It focuses on the traditional customs and rituals, marriage systems, festivals, folk culture, religious practices, and funcrary rites and customs which continue to shape the social life of the people. The study also highlights the influence of modernization and social change on traditional cultural values and institutions. Both primary and secondary sources have been used for collecting information, including books, journals, census reports, and local observations. The findings of the study reveal that the socio-cultural identity of Darrang district is deeply rooted in traditional values, religious tolerance, and community participation. Customs and rituals associated with birth, marriage, death ceremonies, and festivals play a significant role in preserving social solidarity and cultural continuity. Funcrary rites and customs reflect the religious beliefs and emotional attachment of the people toward their traditional heritage. Despite the impact of globalization and modernization, the people of Darrang district still maintain their cultural identity through traditional social practices and community-based cultural activities. Therefore, the socio-cultural identity of Darrang district represents an important component of the wider cultural heritage of Assam.

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Darrang district, Customs and rituals, socio-cultural identity, Funcrary rites and customs.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This chapter reviews the use of blockchain in carbon markets as a digital trust infrastructure in the context of a bibliometric, science mapping review of 141 publications in Scopus 2018-2026. It determines some of the leading research trends, stakeholders, and themes within the field of blockchain-enabled carbon accounting and emissions governance. The results outline how blockchain can increase the level of transparency, traceability and accountability in any carbon trading system since the records are secure, tamper-resistant and can share information in real-time. Based on the analysis, key streams of research are evident as governance integration, market mechanisms, technological infrastructure, and sustainability applications. Although this has potential, such issues as scalability, regulatory uncertainty, and energy consumption remain. The paper offers a systematic review of the area and suggests the areas of future research concentrating on the incorporation or uniting of governance, technology, and sustainability to bolster the systems of the global market in climate change.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blockchain, Carbon Markets, Carbon Trading, Carbon Credits, Sustainability, Distributed Ledger Technology, Smart Contracts, Tokenization, Climate Finance, Carbon Emissions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This empirical study investigates the impact of social media influencer marketing on purchase intention among Millennial consumers (aged 25-40) in India. Drawing on a primary survey of 51 respondents using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire, the study examines three key dimensions of influencer marketing -- influencer credibility, content quality, and parasocial relationships -- and their effect on purchase intention, with brand attitude as a proposed mediator. Statistical analysis reveals that all three independent variables positively and significantly correlate with purchase intention (r = 0.726, 0.655, and 0.793 respectively). Parasocial relationship emerged as the strongest predictor (? = 0.650), followed by influencer credibility (? = 0.336). Content quality demonstrated a comparatively marginal direct effect (? = 0.016) but registered the highest mean score (M = 3.93), suggesting its role operates primarily through perceptual mediation. These findings provide empirically grounded recommendations for digital marketers targeting the Millennial consumer segment.

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 Keywords

Influencer Marketing, Purchase Intention, Parasocial Relationship, Influencer Credibility, Content Quality, Millennials, Brand Attitude, Social Media Marketing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Chlor-alkali industry, Solid waste, Mercury, fish, Tilapia, AChE activity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Knowledge, Attitude, HMPV, Mothers of Under-Five Children and Information Booklet

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Share Buyback is a process of buying back its own shares from shareholders and canceling the same after purchase. They are several reasons for buyback of shares and the same was normally communicated by companies in the buyback announcement document. The study aims to investigate the reasons behind buyback of shares by Indian Companies. The study also aims to understand the perception of shareholders towards buyback. Companies which had announced their buyback offer during 20011 were selected for the purpose of study. The data analysis tools Such as beta, profitability ratios, investment valuation ratios, management efficiency ratios, liquidity ratios, z-test was used to analysis of results. The study found that the management intentions behind buyback were different than what had communicated in the buyback offer documents. This has lead to fall in confidence level of investors about corporate governance. The investors were also unaware the investors was unaware about the impact of buyback on wealth creation. The researcher had offered suggestions for strengthening the buyback mechanism in India and inclusive growth of all stakeholders.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Share Buyback, Beta, Investment Valuation Ratios, Profitability Ratios, Liquidity Ratios and Management Efficiency Ratios.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition