Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The rapid pace of urbanization and infrastructure development has led to the generation of substantial amounts of construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Improperly disposing of this waste not only causes environmental issues but also consumes valuable landfill space. Simultaneously, road construction demands a substantial quantity of natural aggregates, which contributes to the depletion of natural resources. Utilizing recycled construction and demolition waste as aggregates in pavement layers offers a sustainable solution to these challenges. This study examines the feasibility of using recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste in road construction. Concrete debris, brick waste, and tile and ceramic fragments are selected, collected, and processed to produce aggregates of appropriate sizes. The research involves assessing the engineering properties of these materials via laboratory tests, including specific gravity, water absorption, aggregate impact value, aggregate crushing value, and the California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The performance of recycled aggregates is evaluated against conventional natural aggregates and the standard specifications recommended by the IRC and MORTH. This study seeks to determine if processed construction and demolition waste can serve as a viable alternative material for pavement sub-base and base layers. Utilizing recycled aggregates helps mitigate waste disposal issues, preserves natural resources, and encourages sustainable construction methods. This study focuses on construction and demolition waste, recycled aggregates, road construction, sustainable materials, and pavement engineering.

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 Keywords

C&D Waste, Recycled Aggregates, Road Construction, Sustainable Materials, Pavement Engineering, C and D

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 Abstract

The rising popularity of Artificial Intelligence has caused a paradigm shift in job recommendation systems, making it possible to have more precise and personalized recommendations. Conventional recommendation systems based on traditional Machine Learning and Deep Learning architectures have been hampered due to limitations in capturing semantic meaning while understanding candidate resumes and job descriptions. However, recent breakthroughs and developments based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have tackled these issues with better natural language understanding and reasoning. The research aims to include a comprehensive literature review on emerging advancements related to LLM-based job recommendation systems, including advancements based on semantic profiling and rankings, explainable recommendation accuracy, and LLM-agents-based workflows. It also investigates MCP server role-based emerging frameworks as an integrative platform for LLMs with secured access toward organizational tools, databases, and job services. According to recent research reports and trials, MCP LLM Networks have promoted better system scalabilities and temporal freshness with better dependability and trustworthiness compared with previous LLM-based isolated pipeline architectures. Despite these benefits, research and advancements are still necessary within LLMs with regard to challenges associated with fairness and precision, computation costs, and common testing metrics.

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 Keywords

Key Words: Large Language Models (LLMs), Model Context Protocol (MCP) Server, Recommender Systems, Real-Time Job Matching.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Mobile banking has emerged as a significant digital financial service delivery channel in India due to rapid smartphone penetration and digital transformation in the banking sector. Despite substantial investments by banks in mobile banking infrastructure, customer acceptance remains uneven, particularly across different age groups. Existing studies largely focus on technological factors; however, limited research examines the combined influence of perceived usefulness, ease of use, trust, satisfaction, and website convenience in the Indian context. The present study aims to analyze customer acceptance of mobile banking services in India by examining five key determinants: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, satisfaction, assurance and trust, and website convenience. A descriptive research design was adopted. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 100 mobile banking users selected through convenience sampling. Percentage analysis was employed to analyze the data. The findings indicate that perceived usefulness and ease of use significantly influence customer acceptance, while trust and security concerns remain major barriers among older respondents. Approximately 65% of younger respondents (below 35 years) expressed high acceptance levels, whereas nearly 40% of respondents above 50 years showed reluctance due to risk perception and lack of confidence in digital platforms. The study concludes that enhancing user awareness, strengthening security features, and building trust through effective communication strategies are essential to increase mobile banking adoption in India. The results provide practical implications for banks to design customer-centric mobile applications and targeted digital literacy initiatives.

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 Keywords

Mobile Banking, Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use, Trust, Website convenience, Security, intention to adoption

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This study comparatively investigates the status, awareness, and usage patterns of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in secondary schools affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and the Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board (GSHEB) in Ahmedabad District, India. A descriptive survey method was employed. The sample comprised 1096 secondary school teachers selected from 100 English-medium schools (50 CBSE, 50 GSHEB) using stratified random cluster sampling. A standardized 53-item ICT Awareness Scale (?=0.89) with a five-point Likert scale was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, SD, percentages) and inferential statistics (t-test/CR). Results revealed that 34.49% of teachers had high ICT awareness (score >196), while 33.49% had low awareness (score <157). Significant differences emerged: CBSE teachers (Mean=177.54) demonstrated higher ICT awareness than GSHEB teachers (Mean=173.97; CR=1.58, p<0.05). Male teachers (Mean=175.93) scored higher than females (Mean=175.03), though not significantly overall. However, within GSHEB schools, male teachers (Mean=175.72) showed significantly higher awareness than female teachers (Mean=168.39; CR=2.02, p<0.05). Rural teachers paradoxically showed higher awareness than urban teachers in several comparisons. Infrastructure deficits and lack of technical support were major barriers. This is the first large-scale comparative study contrasting ICT awareness across two major educational boards in an urban Indian district, providing actionable insights for policymakers to address infrastructural and gender-based digital divides.

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 Keywords

ICT Awareness, CBSE, GSHEB, Secondary Education, Digital Divide, Ahmedabad, Teacher Attitudes

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This paper is an exploratory study on using digital slang in TikTok and Instagram and how Z generation Iraqi users negotiate their identities between tribal and urban identities. The study was carried out by gathering and analyzing data of Iraqi social media users aged 14-27 years old (born 1997 to 2012) in major cities and tribal areas by qualitative content analysis method based on the principles of sociolinguistics. Innovation in the language, platform-specific style and code switching, and strategic use of these linguistic strategies are discussed as a way Iraqi youth negotiate with time-honored tribal affiliations and new urban identities. The study demonstrates that Iraqi youth users of the platform resort to different linguistic strategies of vernacular Iraqi Arabic words, borrowings from Modern Standard Arabic, English loanwords and platform specific neologisms to maneuver their hybrid identities that are not necessarily a dichotomy of tribe/urban. The study emphasizes various kinds of linguistic markers which relate to the process of performance of tribal identity, ranging from choice of specific vocabulary and phonetic attributes to discourse patterns, and urban-oriented linguistic practices that emphasize global connectedness and modernity. TikTok is a really important platform for exploring identity, and Instagram more formal aspects of identity presentation. The study has implications for sociolinguistic research in terms of the identity negotiation in digital environments and it provides empirical data on identity negotiation between multiple identity discourses among young Arabs in a more globalized world.

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 Keywords

Generation Z, Iraqi Arabic, digital slang, tribal identity, urban identity, TikTok, Instagram, code-switching, identity negotiation, social media linguistics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Rural school-going children and adolescents in India shoulder a disproportionate burden of preventable health conditions -- iron-deficiency anaemia, undernutrition, deficient sanitation infrastructure, poor menstrual hygiene facilities, and severely restricted access to mental health services. Successive government programmes, notably the Ayushman Bharat School Health and Wellness Programme (ABHSWP) and the Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK), have not durably narrowed this gap. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), operating under Section 135 and Schedule VII of the Companies Act 2013, has stepped into this space -- directing funds toward school infrastructure, preventive care, digital health, and psychosocial wellness. Whether these contributions generate enduring, institutionally embedded health improvements or remain episodic and inadequately evaluated is a question the existing literature has not satisfactorily addressed. This critical narrative review examined what CSR has contributed to rural school health and wellness in India, with particular attention to preventive healthcare integration, adolescent mental health, governance limitations, sustainability challenges, and the institutional conditions under which meaningful impact becomes possible. A structured narrative review drawing on 247 identified records yielded 65 peer-reviewed empirical sources and 30 policy documents (95 total) across six thematic domains. Findings reveal meaningful CSR contributions to sanitation infrastructure, preventive screening, nutrition awareness, menstrual hygiene education, digital health pilots, and psychosocial wellness activities -- yet delivery remained spatially uneven, temporally fragmented, and inadequately evaluated. Adolescent mental health infrastructure proved particularly deficient: rural schools lacked counsellors, referral pathways, and effective anti-stigma strategies, while the post-COVID psychological burden continued to intensify. Short CSR funding cycles, visibility-oriented programme design, weak monitoring, and intersectoral fragmentation consistently undermined sustainability. CSR carries real but largely unrealised potential for rural school wellness -- a potential realisable only when embedded within long-term institutional frameworks rather than periodic project cycles, and only when governance reform, multi-stakeholder partnerships, mandatory longitudinal evaluation, and a deliberate shift from infrastructure delivery toward integrated, community-anchored preventive wellness systems are achieved.

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 Keywords

Corporate Social Responsibility; Rural School Health; Adolescent Mental Health; Preventive Healthcare; School Wellness; Rural India; Sustainability; Health-Promoting Schools; Yoga and Mindfulness; Public Health Policy.

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An online trading website is a web-based platform that enables users to buy and sell financial assets such as stocks, commodities, and cryptocurrencies in real time. The primary objective of this project is to develop a secure, efficient, and user-friendly system that allows individuals to participate in financial markets from anywhere using an internet connection. The system provides essential features including user registration and authentication, live market data display, buying and selling of assets, portfolio management, and transaction history tracking. It integrates real-time data through APIs and ensures data accuracy and quick execution of trades. Security measures such as encryption and secure login mechanisms are implemented to protect user information and transactions. The proposed platform simplifies the trading process by eliminating the need for traditional brokerage methods and offers a convenient digital solution for investors. Additionally, the system can include advanced features such as analytical charts, virtual trading options, and personalized recommendations to enhance user experience. Overall, the online trading website aims to provide a reliable and scalable solution that promotes easy access to financial markets while ensuring efficiency, transparency, and security.

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 Keywords

Online Trading, Stock Market, Web Application, Financial Assets, Real-Time Data, Portfolio Management, Buy and Sell System, User Authentication, Secure Transactions, Trading Platform, Market Analysis, Investment System, Database Management, API Integration, Digital Finance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the digital era, image forgery techniques such as copy-move, splicing, and AI-based manipulation have become increasingly advanced, creating challenges in ensuring image authenticity. This paper proposes a hybrid deep learning framework integrating Error Level Analysis (ELA), Dual Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN), Vision Transformers (ViT), and Explainable AI (XAI) for effective forgery detection and localization. ELA enhances tampering artifacts, DCNN extracts local features, and ViT captures global context for improved accuracy. The model is evaluated on benchmark datasets and uses Grad-CAM for interpretability. Experimental results show improved accuracy, robustness, and reliability for real-world forensic applications.

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 Keywords

Hybrid Architecture, DualCNN, Forensic, Forgery, Localization.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cash or currency, the driven force for any economic development has seen a paradigm shift. The Indian economy which was a traditional cash intensive nation has done all its transactions through the currency notes or coins inscribed with various denominations. As the two sides of the coin constitute its real value, the digital currency facilitates the people, like a double edged sword with dual outcomes; however its positive outcomes significantly outweigh the negative aspects.

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 Keywords

Digital Payments, Demonetization, Unified Payment Interface (UPI), Digital Infrastructure, Mobile Banking

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Index Terms - 5E instructional model, pre-service teachers, constructivist learning, willingness to adopt, inquiry-based teaching, teacher education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition