Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

High blood glucose levels brought on by either insufficient insulin secretion or insulin resistance are the hallmark of diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disease. Serious side effects from long-term diabetes include neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disorders. Long-term usage of synthetic antidiabetic medications may have negative effects, which has sparked interest in safer herbal substitutes. The creation and assessment of an antidiabetic herbal syrup made from Convolvulus pluricaulis (Shankhpushpi), a medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant qualities, is the main objective of this work. In a Soxhlet system, the entire plant was pulverised, shade-dried, and extracted using ethanol. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and sugars were identified during preliminary phytochemical screening.Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition characterised by elevated blood glucose levels caused by either insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance. Neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular problems are among the most adverse effects of long-term diabetes. There is interest in safer herbal alternatives because long-term use of synthetic antidiabetic drugs may have unfavourable effects. The primary goal of this work is to create and evaluate an antidiabetic herbal syrup from Convolvulus pluricaulis (Shankhpushpi), a medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties. The entire plant was ground up, shade-dried, and then extracted using ethanol in a Soxhlet apparatus. Initial phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and sugars.

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 Keywords

Diabetes mellitus, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Herbal syrup, Antidiabetic activity, Phytochemical screening, Shankhpushpi.

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Vocabulary acquisition plays a pivotal role in language learning and communicative competence. Traditional vocabulary teaching methods often fail to engage learners effectively and provide individualized learning experiences. The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has transformed language instruction by offering adaptive, interactive, and learner-centered approaches to vocabulary development. This paper explores the role of Artificial Intelligence in enhancing vocabulary acquisition among English language learners in higher education. It examines AI-powered tools such as intelligent tutoring systems, chatbots, machine learning applications, gamified language platforms, and natural language processing technologies. The study highlights how AI facilitates personalized learning, contextual understanding, retention, pronunciation improvement, and autonomous vocabulary practice. Furthermore, the paper discusses the pedagogical implications, advantages, challenges, and future prospects of AI-integrated vocabulary instruction. The findings suggest that AI significantly enhances learners' vocabulary competence, motivation, and engagement, thereby reshaping the future of English language teaching and learning.

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Artificial Intelligence, Vocabulary Acquisition, English Language Teaching, AI-Based Learning, Language Learning Technologies, Higher Education

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Hiring trends and career prospects for MCA graduates in India have been greatly impacted by the quick development of the Information Technology (IT) sector. In this report, employment opportunities, market sentiment, and hiring patterns in 15 important IT professional domains between 2023 and 2025 are analyzed using artificial intelligence. In order to determine high-growth and low-growth professional domains that are pertinent to MCA freshmen, the study makes use of secondary data that includes Number of Openings (NOP), Market Sentiment (MS). The goal of the study is to help academic institutions and placement officers create pre-placement training programs and placement techniques that meet the demands of the modern industry. The study comes to the conclusion that by matching training programs with current industry needs, AI-assisted market analysis can assist institutions in improving employability outcomes.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Market Sentiment, MCA Students, Placement Training, IT Careers, Employability

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 Abstract

Pariksha Pe Charcha Bharatiya Shiksha Pranali Mein Pariksha Tanav Prabandhan Aur Chhatra Manovigyan Ke Liye Ek Saiddhantik Model

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Pariksha Pe Charcha Bharatiya Shiksha Pranali Mein Pariksha Tanav Prabandhan Aur Chhatra Manovigyan Ke Liye Ek Saiddhantik Model

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The transparency and fairness of competitive examinations are essential for selecting deserving and intellectually capable candidates for educational, administrative and professional positions. Incidents of examination paper leaks, impersonation and use of unfair means have raised serious concerns regarding the capability of existing examination systems. This study proposes the concept of a "Fraud Detection Test" as an additional mechanism to identify and prevent fraudulent selection in examinations. It is very necessary for a fair and transparent system of recruitment and entrance examinations. Assurance of a fraudulence free examination system is necessity for selection of intellectual persons in administrative, educational and other systems. The fraud detection test is a test to identify a candidate selected through fraudulence using unfair means. The concept of a fraud detection test involves conducting a re-examination exclusively for selected candidates in a job or course. It can be organized after publication of selection list. These selected candidates will be examined under fraudulence detection test. It will be a parallel test similar to mains/selection examination. Difficulty level and syllabus of fraud detection test must be similar to main/selection examination. It would be conducted under strict supervision and controlled conditions. Statistical analysis and correlation of scores between the original examination and the fraud detection test would help to identify significant differences in scores that may indicate possible malpractice. Candidates showing abnormal differences in performance could then be subjected to further investigation through interviews and additional verification tests by a specialized fraud detection committee. The study highlights the importance, procedure, and potential effectiveness of this approach in detecting unfair practices such as impersonation and paper leaks. The implementation of fraud detection tests can strengthen the fairness, transparency, and reliability of recruitment and entrance examination systems, thereby promoting merit-based selection and public trust in examination processes.

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Fraud detection test, competitive examinations, entrance tests, NEET, transparency in examinations, Unfair means.

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Natural products and traditional medicines hold significant importance. Various forms of medicine, including traditional Chinese medicine(69), Ayurveda, Kampo, traditional Korean medicine, and Unani, have been practiced in certain regions of the world and have evolved into systematically regulated medical frameworks. This study aims to review the literature on the interplay between natural products, traditional medicines, and modern medicine, as well as to investigate potential concepts and methodologies derived from natural products and traditional medicines to enhance drug discovery.(69) The unique characteristics regarding the theory, application, current status, and contemporary research of eight traditional medicine systems are summarized in this study. Although only a small fraction of existing plant species has been scientifically investigated for bioactivities since 1805,(69) when the first pharmacologically active compound, morphine, was isolated from opium, natural products and traditional medicines have already made significant contributions to modern medicine. When utilized for the development of new drugs, natural products and traditional medicines offer unparalleled advantages, including extensive clinical experience and a unique diversity of chemical structures and biological activities.(69)

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Medicine , Plant, herbal , traditional medicine ,modern drug therapy

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Cinnamon bark, derived from the Cinnamomum species, is renowned for its diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. This review examines the bioactive compounds present in cinnamon bark, such as essential oils (primarily cinnamaldehyde), polyphenols, and flavonoids, which contribute to its therapeutic potential. The antioxidant properties of cinnamon are primarily attributed to its ability to scavenge free radicals and neutralize oxidative stress, thereby protecting cells from damage. Additionally, cinnamon exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity by modulating inflammatory pathways, including the inhibition of key mediators such as nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Its analgesic effects, demonstrated through modulation of nociceptive pathways, further enhance its utility in pain management. Both in vitro and in vivo studies support these findings, showing that cinnamon's bioactive constituents exert their effects through various molecular mechanisms, including regulation of enzymes, gene expression, and antioxidant systems. Despite its widespread use in traditional medicine, modern clinical evidence is still limited, with a need for further studies to establish clear therapeutic guidelines. While generally considered safe at recommended dosages, excessive consumption of cinnamon, particularly varieties rich in coumarin, can lead to adverse effects such as liver toxicity. The synergistic use of cinnamon with other herbal remedies like turmeric and ginger is also explored, highlighting enhanced therapeutic benefits. Given its broad pharmacological effects, cinnamon bark represents a promising natural remedy for managing chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and pain, warranting further clinical investigations and applications in modern medicine.

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Keywords-: Cinnamon bark ,Antioxidant properties ,Anti-inflammatory effects ,Analgesic properties,Herbal medicine.

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This paper offers a psychoanalytical reading of the character Stanley Das from the film Kalamkaval, theoretically grounded in the paradoxical dynamic between premeditation and psychic conflict, as key factors that shape his persona and his modus operandi. Using Freud's "The Ego and the Id" (1923), a structural model of the character's psyche can be drawn, which formulates premeditation above the realms of mere calculation. It gives us a deeper understanding of the mental tug of war between instinctual drives (Id) and the conceptualized strictures of the superego. Stanley's heinous murders play at his compromised formations that stem from his lingering repressed tensions. Jacques Lacan's structural psychoanalysis is also used to decipher how Stanley's motifs are driven by language, law and social inscription. This paper takes inspiration from the works of Lacan and Freud to reveal the instability following Stanley Das's premeditated choices.

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Psychoanalysis, Premeditation, Psychic Conflict, Freud, Lacan

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The medium of instruction is crucial in determining the overall learning outcomes and academic experiences of students in higher education. This study examines the effects of language barriers on children' learning outcome in multilingual classrooms where the primary language of teaching is a non-native language, particularly English. It describes how poor language proficiency might make it more difficult for students to comprehend lectures, participate in class discussions, think critically, and achieve well academically. It is based on previous research and studies. The study emphasizes how a lack of competency in the teaching language makes it difficult for many students to understand complicated subject matter, which can result in low confidence, decreased engagement, and unequal learning chances.

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: Language, Learning outcome, Medium of instruction, Higher education, Multilingual classroom

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Abstract This study examines the growth performance and instability of major crops in India, namely wheat, rice, maize, tur (arhar), lentil, sugarcane and cotton, using long-term time series data from 1980-81 to 2024-25. The analysis was conducted by dividing the study period into three sub-periods to evaluate structural changes in agricultural performance over time. Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), Coefficient of Variation (CV) and the Cuddy-Della Valle Instability Index were employed to assess trends and fluctuations in area, production and productivity of the selected crops. The results indicate that wheat and rice exhibited relatively stable growth with lower instability due to improved irrigation facilities, technological advancements, and supportive government policies. Maize emerged as the most dynamic cereal crop, recording significant growth in area, production, and yield. In contrast, pulses such as tur and lentil showed comparatively lower growth and higher instability, primarily due to their dependence on rain-fed agriculture and vulnerability to climatic variability. Sugarcane demonstrated moderate growth with manageable fluctuations, whereas cotton exhibited high growth accompanied by substantial instability caused by pest incidence, climatic stress, and market uncertainties. The findings further reveal that productivity enhancement contributed more significantly to production growth than expansion in cultivated area. The study emphasizes the importance of climate-resilient technologies, efficient irrigation systems, improved pest management practices, and stable agricultural policies to ensure sustainable agricultural development and reduce production instability in India.

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 Keywords

Compound growth rate, instability index, time series data, production performance

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