Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

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Sesame seeds and flax seeds

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The last decades of the 19th century, social customs and practices of Kerala were largely guided by rubric of caste. The caste Hindus of Kerala insisted certain customs and practices that could augment their social prestige and predominance. They turned into the privileged section of the society while the non-caste Hindus were suppressed as unprivileged. The latter were deprived of their primary rights as human beings. However, in Malabar, since the establishment of British power, the situation underwent a thorough change. The British afforded equal opportunities to all, irrespective of caste culture and caste considerations. But in Travancore and Cochin, which form the major portion of modern Kerala, the wheel of traditionalism continued to roll on the old track.

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Untouchability, Savarnas, Avarnas

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: The Exhaust Emission Index (EEI) tells you how many air pollutants a vehicle releases and a higher number indicates that air quality is worse. The traditional PUC story is that it only tests your car's emissions at a single point, unlike the way dynamic health checks consider the car's overall status. As the number of vehicles on the road grows, it is more important than ever to have advanced systems to watch and predict emissions in real-time. This project introduces an innovative system called Emission Tracker that uses deep learning techniques called LSTM networks to fill this gap. An LSTM model on a central server is used by the Emission Tracker to monitor vehicle carbon emissions and estimate future trends for the Vehicle Exhaust Emission Index (VEEI). The system includes a web portal with an easy-to-understand design for looking at emissions data. With insights based on location, users can better understand how much carbon is being emitted which helps them decide how to act. You can check how emissions are changing today, as well as estimate their future trends using the Emission Tracker. Taking action ahead of problems means interventions can be put in place on time, helping the environment and the health of everyone.

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: Carbon Emission Monitoring, Greenhouse Gas Tracking, IoT-based Environmental Monitoring, Carbon Footprint Estimation, Real-time Emission Analytics, Sustainable Technology Solutions, Artificial Intelligence in Climate Action, Data-Driven Environmental Management, Mobile Application for Emission Tracking, Smart Environmental Monitoring System, Cloud-based Emission Reporting, Low-Carbon Lifestyle Assessment

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Abstract This literature review explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in advancing financial inclusion, with a specific focus on Public Sector Banks (PSBs) in Maharashtra, India. Despite notable progress through initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), substantial gaps remain in credit accessibility, insurance penetration, and financial literacy. The integration of AI--through machine learning, chatbots, biometric authentication, and alternative credit scoring--has the potential to enhance outreach, operational efficiency, and customer engagement, especially in underserved rural and semi-urban areas. However, challenges such as algorithmic bias, data privacy concerns, legacy infrastructure, and digital illiteracy hinder the inclusive deployment of AI. The review highlights key research gaps, evaluates AI's application in PSBs, and recommends ethical and policy frameworks to ensure AI-driven financial systems are inclusive, transparent, and effective.

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Keywords Artificial Intelligence, Financial Inclusion, Public Sector Banks, Maharashtra, Digital Banking, Alternative Credit Scoring, Financial Literacy, Algorithmic Bias, Biometric Authentication, Inclusive Finance, Chatbots, Rural Banking, Ethical AI, Financial Technology (FinTech)

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Media serves as a powerful tool in shaping societal norms and perceptions related to gender, with significant implications for gender equality. Under various constitutional provisions and international frameworks, there is a growing emphasis on ensuring gender equality in media representation and participation. This abstract explores the interplay between media, gender inclusivity, and constitutional provisions aimed at promoting equality. Articles 14, 15, and 16 guarantee equality before the law and prohibit discrimination based on gender. Article 19 ensures freedom of speech and expression, allowing the media to advocate for gender inclusivity, while Article 21 upholds the right to dignity and privacy. The integration of gender-related provisions into national media policies is essential for promoting inclusivity. Media in India is not merely a source of information but also a powerful agent in constructing social narratives. With its broad reach, media significantly influences public perceptions about gender roles. India's constitutional provisions, designed to promote equality and justice, offer a robust legal framework that can and increasingly does support initiatives for gender inclusivity in media practices.

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"Media's Role in Promoting Gender Inclusivity: Constitutional Perspectives"

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It is important to communicate effectively if you want to exchange information, ideas and emotions. Even so, platforms like Zoom, Microsoft Teams and Google Meet are rarely accessible to those who are hard of hearing or have speech problems, keeping them from fully participating. Sign language provides a way for deaf persons to talk, but non-signers find it hard to interpret. Today's sign language recognition systems are not accurate enough and are still difficult to access, so they cannot be easily integrated into virtual platforms. The project introduces a system that uses AI to improve how deaf and hearing participants communicate during virtual meetings. This system uses techniques from TCNs, an advanced form of deep learning which allows it to send and receive messages without delay as part of the conversation. Three main modules are part of the research: a Sign Recognition Module that interprets signs using TCN, a Speech Recognition and Synthesis Module powered by Hidden Markov Models for text-to-speech conversion and finally, an Avatar Module for turning spoken words into signs. With Avatar Module, non-signers can learn to sign conversationally and interact easily with people who communicate with sign language. Because the system uses Indian Sign Language, it empowers people who are deaf, mute, hard of hearing, visually impaired and even others who do not use signs to communicate. Because it is part of web-based virtual platforms, it is easier for people to participate. It brings us much closer to ensuring that everyone can join and contribute in online meetings.

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Sign Language Recognition, Virtual Meetings, Accessibility ,Real-time Translation, Human-Computer Interaction ,Assistive Technology, Gesture Recognition, Machine Learning, Deaf Communication, Inclusive Technology, Natural Language Processing, Video Conferencing Accessibility, Sign Language Interpretation, Multimodal Communication, Speech-to-Sign Translation.

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Urban traffic congestion causes economic, travel time, and environmental problems. The traditional fixed-timing signals are inadequate for dynamic urban traffic. Recent studies have focused on intelligent adaptive traffic signal control (TSC) systems using AI, particularly deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). This survey reviews the progress of AI-driven TSC by examining methodologies such as deep Q-networks, policy gradient, actor-critic, graph convolutional networks, fuzzy logic, and hybrid models. It compares techniques based on principles, simulation settings, scalability, and performance indicators. The survey emphasized challenges in coordinating multiple intersections, real-time adaptability, data integration, and safety verification. This highlights the importance of high fidelity simulators and discusses research gaps, including real-world validation, mixed traffic management, and public transport priority. This study aims to guide future research towards robust, scalable, and sustainable urban traffic management systems using cognitive AI.

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Traffic Signal Control, Reinforcement Learning, Deep Reinforcement Learning, Deep Q-Networks, Multihead Attention (MHA), Urban Traffic Management, Adaptive Control Systems, Fuzzy Logic, Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO), CityFlow, Optimization, Scalability.

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This project explores the evolution of the book trade system and its historical context, examining how various previously existing systems have utilized book trade concepts. It begins with an overview of the book trade system, highlighting its channels, including traditional bookstores, online platforms, and community exchanges, while also addressing its adaptation in the digital age with the rise of e-books and audio books. The project delves into historical frameworks such as monastic communities, the Renaissance's impact on book production, the significance of book fairs and guilds, and the role of colonial trade networks in disseminating literature. Additionally, it conducts a literature survey to gather existing research on the book trade system, analyzing key studies, identifying gaps, and providing context for future inquiries. The project discusses both the advantages, such as enhanced accessibility to literature and community engagement, and the disadvantages, including quality concerns and logistical challenges. Ultimately, it underscores the ongoing importance of the book trade system in promoting literacy and cultural exchange while proposing directions for future research, particularly regarding the impact of digital platforms on traditional practices and the role of community initiatives in fostering literary access.

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Keywords: Book Trading, Digital Library, React Native, Mobile Application, ISBN Scanner, AppWrite, Expo CLI.

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The Andaman Islands, a part of the Indian Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar, are home to some of the most ancient and isolated tribal communities in the world. These tribes -- Great Andamanese, Onge, Jarwa, Sentinalese, Nicobarese, and Shompen -- exhibit distinct cultural patterns, survival techniques, and languages. This study presents a comprehensive ethnographic profile of these tribes, highlighting their traditions, identity, and the contemporary pressures threatening their existence.

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Andaman Tribes, Great Andamanese, Jarwa, Onge, Sentinalese, Nicobarese, Shompen, Indigenous Culture, Isolation, Tribal Identity, Ethnographic Study

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This paper looks at the emerging changes with respect to modern innovation and technology entrepreneurship, especially how the traditional, linear models give way to more flexible, ecosystem-based frameworks. Entrepreneurship is showcasing greater decentralization, collaboration, and forging new opportunities with the quick progression in digital technologies. The study draws from recent literature to describe how the entrepreneurial process is being changed by digital platforms, collective intelligence, user participation, and, to a lesser extent, the entrepreneur. Instead of a lone innovator, he's increasingly becoming a network orchestrator within ecosystems. The paper also examines the role of social responsibility in innovation, where the business models no longer emphasize only profit maximization, but take into account social and environmental dimensions along with the long-term impact. In such a context, ethically aligned innovation becomes the main focus, which demands active governance and participation of stakeholders from all levels. This study analyzes the persistence in the need for change concerning the issue of disruption and highlights the strategic agility and adaptability during the technological changes for the firm. The discussion offered under the focus of organizational learning and incubation reveals that the innovation processes must be proactive, resilient and adaptive, where risks are perceived to be an essential facet of the innovation and not something to avoid. Integrating major contributions of the works within the area, the paper builds a bounded reconceptualized approach for the innovation and technology entrepreneurship which takes into account the relations of digital technologies, sustainability, and ethical anticipatory governance. This redefined framework of innovation subverts the standing definitions on entrepreneurship which is now viewed as an instrument for the constructive and responsible integration toward sustainable and inclusive development in an ever-adapting digital economy.

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Innovation, Technology Entrepreneurship, Digital Transformation, Business Model Innovation, Ecosystems, Responsible Innovation, Technology Incubation, Sustainability, Disruption, Strategic Adaptation

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