Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

In the context of increasing social, cultural, linguistic, and economic diversity, diversity management has emerged as a strategic priority for higher education institutions in India. Karnataka, with its heterogeneous student and faculty population, presents a relevant setting to examine how diversity is managed at the institutional level. The present study examines the nature, extent, and effectiveness in universities' diversity practices, with a specific focus on policy frameworks, implementation mechanisms, and stakeholder perceptions. Using a descriptive and analytical research design, primary data were collected from students, teaching faculties and management, and through a structured questionnaire, complemented by secondary sources such as policy documents, reports, and scholarly literature. Statistical tools including percentage analysis, mean score analysis, and independent samples t-test were employed. The findings reveal that moderate adoption of diversity management practices, with notable strengths in inclusive curriculum design and policy formulation, and significant gaps related to resource availability, training, communication, and disability support services. Hypothesis testing confirms the significant differences in diversity management practices across institutional types and demonstrates a constructive relationship between diversity management and inclusiveness. The study concludes with policy-relevant suggestions to strengthen inclusive and equitable higher education environments in Karnataka.

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 Keywords

Diversity management, Higher education, Karnataka, Inclusion, equity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technological advancement that significantly influences various sectors, including commerce and entrepreneurship. In recent years, social media start-ups have increasingly adopted AI technologies to enhance their digital marketing strategies, customer engagement, and business decision-making processes. AI-powered tools such as data analytics, chatboxs, recommendation systems, and automated content creation enable start-ups to understand customer behaviour, personalize marketing campaigns, and improve operational efficiency. As a result, entrepreneurs are able to reach wider audiences, reduce marketing costs, and increase business competitiveness in the digital marketplace.In India, the rapid expansion of internet connectivity, smartphone usage, and digital platforms has created numerous opportunities for aspiring entrepreneurs to establish innovative social media-based businesses. Platforms such as social networking sites, online marketplaces, and content-sharing applications have become powerful channels for product promotion, brand building, and customer interaction. Within this context, AI plays a crucial role in helping start-ups analyse market trends, predict consumer preferences, and optimize advertising strategies. This article focuses on the role of AI in social media start-ups and entrepreneurship development with special reference to Shivamogga city. The study aims to examine how AI technologies are being adopted by emerging businesses in the region and how they contribute to entrepreneurial growth. It also highlights the objectives and scope of the research, identifies existing research gaps, and explains the methodology used for data collection and analysis. Furthermore, the study discusses the challenges faced by start-ups in adopting AI, such as limited technical expertise, financial constraints, and data privacy concerns. Finally, the article reviews current developments and opportunities for AI-driven entrepreneurship in Shivamogga.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Social Media Startups, Digital Marketing, Entrepreneurship Development.

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 Abstract

Sustainability of academic careers has become an urgent issue for higher education institutions, especially with the rise in faculty mobility. Migrant faculty contribute to greater academic diversity and improve the output of an institution. Their future career sustainability largely depends on the support they receive for their career progression. This research paper will explore how career development practices affect the sustainability of academic faculties among migrant faculty in higher education institutions in Bengaluru, India. The study involved 358 migrant faculty members. The findings indicate that career advancement practices have a strong and positive effect on career sustainability. However, the relationship between the challenges faced by migrant faculty and the influence of career advancement practices on career sustainability is somewhat weakened by job satisfaction and perceived organizational support. The results provide valuable insights for institutional leaders and policymakers in creating inclusive and sustainable career development policies that support long-term sustainability in human capital within education.

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 Keywords

Career progression, Academic career sustainability, Migrant faculty, Higher education institutions, Structural equation modeling

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 Abstract

Education system, industrial growth, entrepreneurial eco-system are the key indicators of the development of any nation, Entrepreneurship has emerged as a transformative force in modern economies, driving innovation, employment generation, and sustainable development. The systematic development of entrepreneurship skills is increasingly recognized as essential for preparing graduates to succeed in complex and industrial environments. This article examines the role of entrepreneurship skill development and industrial collaboration enhancing students' readiness for real-world business challenges. The article emphasizes the need for integrated policy strategies that institutionalize partnerships and embed experiential entrepreneurship education across disciplines. Collaboration and mutual supports among the stakeholders have explained by framing the model of collaboration. The study is based on secondary data collected from an extensive review of existing literature, research articles and policy documents. The study concludes that higher education institutions equipped with robust entrepreneurial and industrial networks are better positioned to support economic flexibility, foster innovation, and cultivate future-ready entrepreneurs in a competitive global landscape.

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 Keywords

Entrepreneurship skill, Entrepreneurial ecosystem, Experiential learning mechanisms, Academic-industry collaboration, Higher education.

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This study investigates the comparative performance of selected large-cap mutual funds in India over the period 2021 - 2025 using monthly closing Net Asset Value (NAV) data. The analysis evaluates both return and risk-adjusted performance measures to give a comprehensive assessment of fund efficiency. Key indicators including Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), standard deviation, Sharpe ratio, Beta, Treynor ratio, and Jensen's Alpha are employed within the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) framework. The NIFTY 50 index serves as the benchmark, and a 7 percent annual risk-free rate is assumed for excess return estimation. Empirical results indicate that Nippon India Large Cap Fund exhibited superior compounded growth and the highest risk-adjusted performance, followed by ICICI Prudential and HDFC Top 100, while Axis demonstrated relatively weaker performance. However, the One-Way ANOVA results reveal no statistically significant difference in mean monthly returns among the selected funds at the 5 percent level. The findings suggest that although performance efficiency varies across schemes, large-cap funds within the same category tend to generate comparable average returns over time.

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 Keywords

Mutual Funds, Large-Cap Mutual Funds, Equity Mutual Funds, Performance Analysis.

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Indian insurance sector has undergone significant reforms to enhance efficiency, transparency and market penetration especially in terms of regulatory innovation and digital transformation. Regulatory efforts by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) and policy efforts like liberalization, improvement of foreign direct investment norms as well as consumer-focused regulations have changed the industry to a large extent. At the same time, the issue of digitalization is turning out to be a crucial facilitator of operational perfection and quality of services within the insurance ecosystem. This paper investigates the digitalization and regulatory innovation impact in reshaping the Indian insurance industry with a particular focus on general insurance. The research relies on the secondary data obtained via IRDAI annual reports, government publications, industry reports, and available scholarly literature. Digital reforms are examined through e-insurance accounts, online policy issuance, online policy claims management, InsurTech integration, and regulatory sandbox programs in order to determine their effect on operational efficiency, customer experience, and financial inclusion. These results also indicate that digital and regulatory changes have minimized in claims settlement, and offered more insurance access to a wide range of segments of the population. Nonetheless, other challenges that are noted in the study include cybersecurity threats, issues of data privacy, and adaptation to new technologies by regulation, as well as the ongoing digital divide. The conclusion of the paper is that continuous regulatory innovation, inclusive and safe digital policy is a route to enhancing consumer trust and establishing the long-term development of the Indian insurance industry within the changing digital economy, processing time, improved transparency, improved efficiency

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 Keywords

Insurance reforms, Digitalization, Regulatory Innovation, Operational Efficiency, Financial Inclusions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Antimicrobial activity, Molecular docking, ADME prediction,

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Automated waste sorting has emerged as a crucial area of research in environmental sustainability as municipalities worldwide strive to increase recycling efficiencies, minimize landfill expansion, and advance circular economies. This review evaluates computer vision and data-analytics frameworks deployed for automated municipal solid waste (MSW) classification, paying specific attention to object detection networks, dataset varieties, edge-computing deployments, and operational research challenges. The literature demonstrates that contemporary automation models depend heavily on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the YOLO framework, semantic segmentation, and edge single-board computers to categorize materials dynamically on rapid conveyor streams. Primary data sources include established open-source benchmarks such as TrashNet and TACO alongside localized RGB-camera video captures. This comprehensive review highlights major research gaps, including severe performance degradation under real-world item deformation, a lack of multi-modal hyperspectral integration, high computational overhead on resource-constrained devices, and a profound geographical dataset bias. Based on these findings, future research should prioritize edge-tailored lightweight architectures, multi-sensor data fusion pipelines, and regionally inclusive data repositories.

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Automated Waste Sorting, Computer Vision, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Smart Waste Management, Circular Economy

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies of the 21st century, reshaping industries, healthcare, finance, transportation, and social interactions. At its core, AI relies heavily on mathematics, which provides the foundation for algorithms, neural networks, optimization, and predictive modeling. This paper examines the mathematical principles underpinning AI, including linear algebra, calculus, probability, statistics, and optimization techniques. It further explores how these mathematical tools enable AI to impact society, discusses ethical considerations, and outlines future directions for responsible AI development.

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The Mathematics of Artificial Intelligence: Transforming Society in the 21st Century

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This study explores how digital technology developments enhances financial wellness in the economy. Technologies like mobile banking, AI, blockchain, and digital payment systems have transformed the financial sector. It makes the financial services more efficient, accessible, and transparent. Digital innovations enable quick and secure financial transactions, reduce costs, and expand services to all sections of the populations. This improves the financial decision-making, risk management, and economic participation among different stakeholders. Fintech innovations and advancements promote financial and digital literacy, economic growth, and stability. Challenges include cybersecurity threats, dearth of data privacy, technological inequality, and lack of digital literacy. Overall, digital technology plays an important role in boosting financial wellness through inclusive growth, budding security, and tie-up sustainable development.

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 Keywords

Digital Innovations. Financial Wellness, Financial Technology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition