Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Abstract Tourism has emerged as one of the fastest-growing sectors contributing significantly to regional economic development, particularly in hill regions. The district of Almora in Uttarakhand is widely known for its scenic beauty, cultural heritage and religious significance, attracting a large number of domestic and international tourists every year. The present study examines the economic, environmental and socio-cultural impacts of tourism on the local community in Almora district. The study is based on primary data collected from 200 host community members across five major tourist destinations Almora, Ranikhet, Dwarahat, Shetlakhet and Manila using structured questionnaires, field observations and interviews. The findings reveal that tourism has generated employment opportunities, improved infrastructure and increased income levels, thereby enhancing the standard of living of local residents. However, tourism development has also resulted in environmental challenges such as pollution, traffic congestion and pressure on natural resources. Furthermore, socio-cultural changes, including shifts in traditional lifestyles and cultural practices, have been observed. The study highlights the need for sustainable tourism planning to balance economic benefits with environmental conservation and cultural preservation in the region.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Tourism, Economic Impact, Environmental Impact, Socio-Cultural Impact, Conservation, Almora District

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Fatigue, distraction, and emotional instability are examples of human behavioral elements that continue to be a big global concern when it comes to road accidents. In order to provide real-time driver monitoring, this study suggests a Human Behavior-Based Driver Safety System (HB-DSS) that combines a Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) module with a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) model. Drowsiness (Eye Aspect Ratio and PERCLOS), distraction (mobile usage and gaze deviation), emotional state (stress and anger), head position variation, and yawning frequency are among the behavioral indications that the system concurrently examines. This method incorporates multimodal behavioral analysis to improve detection accuracy and reliability, in contrast to conventional systems that concentrate on single features.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Driver Safety, Deep Learning, CNN-LSTM, Emotion Recognition, Drowsiness Detection, Behavioral Analysis, IoT Alerts

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Waiting time dynamics are the key determinant of customer satisfaction of service systems. The presented research paper suggests and analyzes control charts (Six Sigma) to statistically measure the mean waiting time of the M/M/s multi-server queueing model. The suggested methodology combines the process capability ideas namely the capability index Cp with the traditional Statistical Process Control (SPC) tools to obtain tighter control limits than the traditional Shewhart 3? framework. A large comparison numerical experiment of fifteen configurations of arrival rates and three system parameterisations (differing ? and s) proves that the Six Sigma method always produces smaller control limit intervals (CLI), and hence, is more sensitive to detecting process variation. With the traffic conditions being 73 to 76 percent decrease of the CLI. Also, the influence of server capacity on the variability of waiting time is analysed systematically. The results are practical guidelines to the service system managers who want to implement real time statistical monitoring instruments based on the principles of Six Sigma.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Queueing theory; M/M/s model; Six Sigma; Statistical Process Control; Control charts; Waiting time; Process capability; Erlang-C; Service quality

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Digital Technological skills can change the behaviour of teachers and students towards education. We can use different type of technological skills to change education learning system and make better new communicated world. Digital technology is the study by creating and using available resources. Digital technology is the process of integrating technology into education in a positive manner. It promotes teachers and students to use technology in teaching learning process. Teachers need to develop the use of internet, digital literary information, use of social media, other apps and websites, citing useful sites. Teachers will have to use different presentation software, YouTube video and Blog information. Teachers will have to prepare about mobile technology, new technology and self- learning technology. Teachers will have to connect with E-mail networking, Free resources and citing sources, new apps and new educational websites, new teachers education and updated with new educational information. Digital devices like iPads and e-books offer lightweight and convenient alternatives to heavy notebooks and textbooks, increasing interest in research. This paper explores the necessity of digital technologies in education, highlighting their major applications and the challenges in education.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Technology, Types of Technology in Teacher Education, Technology skills, Teacher Education,

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper is about a web application that uses deep learning to detect and classify skin lesions. The application uses a kind of dataset called the HAM10000 dataset, which has a lot of pictures of skin lesions. The system uses something called transfer learning and a new way of combining parts of the system to get better results. The model is made up of two parts: one part is a -trained ResNet50 and the other part is a custom Convolutional Neural Network. These two parts work together to get an understanding of the skin lesions. The system is very good at classifying the skin lesions with a validation accuracy of 91.2% and an F1-score of 91.7%. The system is made to be used by dermatologists to help them diagnose skin lesions. It is a web application. It is easy to use and can be used in real-time. This work shows that deep learning can be very helpful in medical image analysis and it can be used to make a tool to help healthcare practitioners.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Skin Cancer Detection, Deep Learning, Transfer Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, Medical Image Analysis, HAM10000 Dataset

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the current age of digitalization, organizing a travel plan becomes quite tedious and difficult owing to the huge amount of scattered information available in the online world. In this regard, AiTripplanner comes into existence as an automated and personalized AI-based web application to help users make the process of travel planning easy and convenient. It uses a robust full-stack architecture where AI technology plays a vital role in developing day-by-day itineraries according to the users' preferences including destination, cost, time, and interests. React and Tailwind CSS are used in the frontend development for better usability whereas Java with Spring Boot forms the backbone of the system's backend for scalable and safe data handling. With the help of cutting-edge AI technology, users can get optimized and recommended travel routes through AiTripplanner.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Travel Planning, Full-Stack Development, Java, Spring Boot, React JS, Personalized Itinerary, Web Application, Smart Tourism.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the 21st century, though development is at a great pace, still the minority class suffers discrimination globally. While in the 20th century, various international instruments such as the UN Declaration on the rights of minorities and the Framework Convention for the protection of national minorities (FCNM) were codified for the protection of minority rights. These conventions establish a baseline for the behavior with the minority class and non discrimination. But there remains an implementation gap, thus these conventions remain only on paper. This research paper recognizes the dual approach of minority rights- the right to identity and the right to existence. It also investigates the examination of the minimum standards doctrine, laid by international law. This research further highlights the judicial philosophy and suggests the implementation of formal legal parity measures and reformation of minimum standards as a static set of obligations.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Minority rights, Minimum standards, Cultural integrity, Non- Discrimination, Equality

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Franz Kafka's novel "The Metamorphosis" presents an unexplainable transformation of the main character of the novel, Gregor Samsa into a "monstrous vermin." This paper conveys that Gregor's physical change is not a random occurrence but the ultimate expression of his pre-existing self-alienation rooted in oppressive familial and financial duties. Even before his physical transformation, Gregor's psyche had been eroded by a mechanical, soul-crushing routine, effectively reducing him to a mindless machine serving a system and a family that valued his labour over his humanity.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Beyond the Bug: A Study of Psychological Setback and Self-Alienation in Franz Kafka's novel "The Metamorphosis."

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) represent a vital component of cultural heritage embedded in local communities and transmitted through generations via social practices and lived experiences. This study examines the continuity, preservation, and representation of IKS from a social science perspective. It explores the influence of socio-cultural transformations such as globalization, modernization, and environmental change on the sustainability of IKS, revealing that while these factors contribute to knowledge erosion, community resilience, adaptive practices, and the role of cultural custodians support its continuity. The study further assesses the availability of institutional policies for long-term preservation of IKS in selected repositories, highlighting the absence of comprehensive frameworks despite emerging efforts in digital curation, ethical governance, and community-centered approaches, alongside challenges such as financial constraints and linguistic loss. Additionally, it evaluates the representation of IKS within educational curricula, indicating gradual inclusion with increasing recognition of its cultural and social significance, although limitations persist due to lack of teacher preparedness, standardization issues, and loss of contextual depth. The study concludes that effective preservation and promotion of IKS require strong community participation, supportive policy frameworks, and pedagogical transformation to ensure its relevance for cultural identity and sustainable development.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS), Knowledge Preservation, Value-Based Education, Cultural Heritage Education

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Domestic violence is a major public health and psychological concern that affects not only intimate partners but also children who witness or directly experience violence within the home. Exposure to domestic violence during childhood has profound consequences for emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and social development. Children living in violent households frequently experience chronic stress, fear, insecurity, and trauma, which may contribute to long-term psychopathology. This paper reviews the psychological effects of domestic violence on children, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attachment disturbances, behavioral problems, academic difficulties, and intergenerational patterns of violence. It also discusses developmental differences in response to violence exposure and highlights the importance of early intervention, school-based support, and trauma-informed therapeutic approaches.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Domestic violence,Children,Psychological Effects,Anxiety,Trauma,Attachment

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition