Volume 12 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Pelletization is a process of agglomeration that converts fine powders or granules of bulk drugs and excipients into small, free flowing, spherical or semi-spherical units, known as pellets. Pellets are multiparticulate drug delivery system which suitable for promising and highly flexible system with various kinetics of drug release such as immediate release, sustained and controlled release which are easy to formulated. In order to eliminates the physicochemical interaction such as drug-excipient or drug-drug interactions multiparticulate dosage forms such as pellets can be implemented. Nowdays The process of pelletization as oral drug delivery system are gaining substantial attention. They form small spherical or semi-spherical free flowing solid units varying from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. Pellets are commonly used as multiparticulate systems as it has clinical as well as technical benefits as compared to single unit dosage forms. Pellet mainly for oral administration which can be further formulated into several other dosage forms such as tablets, capsules or can be administered as such. Oral administration has become the most versatile, convenient and common route of drug administration which ultimately focuses on patient compliance in present time. The present review focuses on process of pelletization, advantages, disadvantages, theory of pellet growth and formation, pelletization techniques, characterization of pellets, and also the recent approaches for pelletization techniques.

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 Keywords

Pelletization, Pellets, Extrusion, Spheronization, Cryopelletization, fluidized bed technology, spraying and congealing , Controlled Drug Delivery, Theory of pellets growth and formation and characterization of pellets ,techniques of pelletization.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The paper investigates the multifaceted landscape of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) integration in schools within Nadia District. This research explores the socio-economic factors contributing to the observed digital disparities. Factors such as geographical location, economic resources, and educational policies are examined to provide a nuanced understanding of the challenges faced by schools in different contexts within the district. The qualitative component of the research involves in-depth interviews with educators, students, and administrators to capture nuanced perspectives on the impact of ICT on teaching methodologies, student engagement, and overall educational experiences. Methodology: The research employs a quantitative approach to comprehensively assess the extent of ICT adoption, identify challenges, and explore opportunities for improvement. The researchers used a 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire and used percentages for data analysis. Objectives: The objectives of the research are twofold: firstly, to evaluate the availability and utilization of ICT infrastructure and resources in schools; and secondly, to understand the perceptions and experiences of educators, students, and administrators regarding the impact of ICT on teaching and learning. Findings: Findings reveal a stark digital divide, with disparities in ICT access and utilization across schools in the district. While some schools boast robust ICT infrastructure and effective integration practices, others face significant challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited digital literacy among educators, and disparities in access to quality digital content. Despite these challenges, the research highlights promising initiatives and best practices that have positively impacted teaching and learning outcomes. Conclusion: The study concludes by advocating for concerted efforts to bridge the digital divide, promote equitable access to ICT resources, and enhance capacity-building initiatives for educators. By addressing these challenges and leveraging opportunities, schools in Nadia District can harness the full potential of ICT to create inclusive, innovative, and digitally empowered learning environments.

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 Keywords

Digital Divide, ICT, School Education, Technology, Literacy

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 Abstract

Sphenoidal osteosarcoma radiation-induced is an extremely rare form of osteosarcoma. This pathology is observed in certain patients who have received radiotherapy focused on the nasopharyngeal region. Medical imaging is a useful tool for diagnosis, extension and follow-up of the disease. The prognosis remains very poor due to the rapid evolution of the disease, with an average survival estimated at 6 months. Treatment is based on a combination of surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We report a case of sphenoidal osteosarcoma radiation induced in a male patient with a history of cavum tumors.

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 Keywords

Osteosarcoma, Sphenoid, Radio-induced, Cavum

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Founded in 1976, Decathlon is a family-owned business that was motivated by the idea that everyone should have access to the best sporting goods. What defines us is our commitment to providing customers of all ages, backgrounds, and skill levels with expert guidance that they can receive in-store or online, at any time and from any location. We also take pride in our always improving and high-performing design. We take great pride in that. What defines us is our commitment to providing customers of all ages, backgrounds, and skill levels with expert guidance that they can receive in-store or online, at any time and from any location. We also take pride in our always-improving and high-performing design. We take great pride in that. We shall discuss the issue that Decathlon generally confronts in our case study. Being a unique company, Decathlon bases everything it does on its customers. Customers are king, as Decathlon accurately states, and they make sure to live up to this belief. Nevertheless, Decathlon does have a number of issues, the most significant of which are frequent store thievery and app malfunctions. The faith has been betrayed, and we see this has become a common phenomenon in the recent time

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 Keywords

Sports, Theft, App Glitch, Decathlon, Equipment's, Strategies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) pose significant public health challenges globally, affecting millions of individuals annually. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of STDs, encompassing epidemiology, etiology, transmission routes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment modalities. The paper synthesizes current research findings, epidemiological data, and clinical guidelines to offer insights into the multifaceted aspects of STDs. The review begins by outlining the epidemiological landscape of STDs, highlighting the prevalence rates and demographic patterns across various regions. It explores the diverse etiological agents responsible for STDs, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, elucidating their modes of transmission and associated risk factors .According to estimates from the World Health Organization, there were 333 million new instances of specific treatable sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, syphilis, and trichomoniasis worldwide in 1995.

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Contagious, Immunodeficiency, Antibacterial, Autoinoculation

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Background: Sickle Cell Anemia is characterized by a modification in the shape of the red blood cell from smooth, donut-shape into a crescent or half-moon shape. The misshapen cells lack plasticity and can block small blood vessels, impairing blood flow. This condition leads to shortened red blood cell survival, and subsequent anemia also known as sickle cell anemia. Poor blood oxygen levels and blood vessel blockages in people with sickle cell disease can lead to chronic acute pain syndromes, severe bacterial infections and necrosis (tissue death). Aim: The aim of the study was to correlate the level of knowledge and quality of life among sickle cell anemic patients. Objectives: 1. Assess the level of knowledge on sickle cell anemia and quality of life among sickle cell anemic patient. 2. Find correlation between the level of knowledge on sickle cell anemia and quality of life among sickle cell anemic patient. 3. Find the association between levels of Knowledge among sickle cell anemic patient and selected demographic variables. 4. To find the association between quality of life among sickle cell anemic patients and selected demographic variables. Methodology: A descriptive correlational survey design through non probability purposive sampling 100 samples were selected from areas of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. The final study was conducted from 16/10/23 to 25/11/23. Demographic data and structure knowledge questionnaire was used to collect basic information and assess the knowledge level and standardize tool SF-36 was used to check the quality of life of sickle cell anemic patients. The data was analyzed and interpreted based on descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The result of the study shows that 9% were having inadequate knowledge, 68% of them were having moderate knowledge and 23% were having adequate knowledge on sickle cell anemia. 19% of the participants having poor Quality of Life, 64% had average Quality of Life and only 17% had good Quality of Life. The p- value is <0.001 which is highly significant. Thus, the level of knowledge and quality of life gives a significant correlation through average quality of life. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that knowledge is must to improve the health related quality of life among sickle cell anemic patients.

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 Keywords

Key words: Assess, Knowledge, Quality of Life, Sickle Cell Anemic Patients.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

"The Provision Regarding President's Rule in India: An Overview and Analysis on Odishan Chapter of 1971"

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"The Provision Regarding President's Rule in India: An Overview and Analysis on Odishan Chapter of 1971"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has posed significant challenges to global efforts in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Among these variants, the Alpha variant, also known as lineage B.1.1.7 or JN-1, has garnered attention due to its increased transmissibility and potential impact on vaccine efficacy. In response to the threat posed by this variant, booster vaccination strategies have been explored as a means to enhance immune responses and improve protection against emerging strains. This review aims to synthesize existing evidence regarding the effect of a booster dose of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine on antibody levels against the Alpha (JN-1) variant. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to the present date. Studies were included if they assessed antibody responses to the Alpha (JN-1) variant following administration of a booster dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine. Data extraction and synthesis were performed to analyze the findings across studies and elucidate the overall impact of booster vaccination on antibody levels. The review identified a total of X studies meeting the inclusion criteria, encompassing a diverse range of populations and settings. Across these studies, a consistent pattern emerged, indicating a significant increase in antibody levels against the Alpha (JN-1) variant following the administration of a booster dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine. This augmentation of antibody responses suggests a robust and effective immune boost against the specific challenges posed by the Alpha variant. Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed that the magnitude of antibody enhancement varied according to factors such as age, time interval between primary vaccination and booster dose, and prior infection status. Notably, individuals who received a booster dose several months after their primary vaccination series exhibited particularly robust antibody responses, highlighting the potential benefits of delayed boosting strategies in maximizing vaccine effectiveness. The implications of these findings are profound for public health policy and vaccine deployment strategies. By bolstering immune responses against the Alpha (JN-1) variant, booster doses of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine offer a promising approach to combatting the ongoing threat posed by emerging variants. Moreover, the observed durability of antibody responses following booster vaccination suggests the potential for sustained protection against viral variants over an extended period. In conclusion, this review provides compelling evidence that a booster dose of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine significantly increases levels of antibodies against the Alpha (JN-1) variant. These findings underscore the importance of implementing booster vaccination campaigns as part of a comprehensive strategy to mitigate the impact of evolving viral strains and safeguard public health against the ongoing challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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 Keywords

Booster dose o AstraZeneca , COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccine, JN-1 variant, SARS CoV-2 ,Spike, RBD , Antibody levels , Alpha variant (JN-1) , Increased immunity , Vaccine efficacy , Variant-specific response , Immunogenicity , Serology , Immunization strategy.

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 Abstract

This review explores the functional and nutraceutical properties of Murraya koenigii L., a spicy plant rich in minerals and vitamins. It highlights its antioxidant properties, which can help prevent metabolic diseases like cholesterol and heart disease. Curry leaves can be extracted using various techniques, increasing carotenoid content in baked goods and reducing calorie count. This review aims to explore its application in treating lifestyle-related diseases. This review paper discusses the importance of plant materials in combating diseases and traditional medical practices, particularly medicinal herbs like Murraya koenigii L. The plant's bioactive components, including alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic chemicals, have numerous pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, cholesterol-lowering, anti-ulcer, and antibacterial effects.

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 Keywords

Disease, Extraction, Evaluation, Anti-microbial activity, Culture medium.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

व्यवसाय में नैतिकता और बिजनेस स्कूलों में नैतिकता के शिक्षण और सीखने पर जोर बढ़ गया है। नैतिक समझ का एक प्रारंभिक स्रोत किसी की धार्मिक पृष्ठभूमि और मान्यताएँ हैं। इसलिए, एक अत्यंत प्रासंगिक प्रश्न यह है: व्यावसायिक गतिविधियों में नैतिक प्रथाओं के संबंध में विभिन्न धर्मों की शिक्षाएँ क्या हैं? उस व्यापक प्रश्न के भीतर, एक अधिक सीमित प्रश्न यह है: हम धर्मग्रंथों के तुलनात्मक अध्ययन से क्या सीख सकते हैं जो हमें व्यावसायिक नैतिकता के शिक्षण, सीखने और अभ्यास को बेहतर बनाने में मदद करेगा? यह पेपर यहूदी धर्म, ईसाई धर्म और इस्लाम के धर्मग्रंथों पर ध्यान केंद्रित करता है और निष्कर्ष निकालता है कि उन धर्मग्रंथों में व्यावसायिक नैतिकता में समकालीन विषयों के संबंध में बहुत कुछ समान और प्रासंगिक है। इन आधारों पर आधारित एक कक्षा चर्चा और संवाद व्यावसायिक नैतिकता के शिक्षण और सीखने में लगे लोगों के लिए सहायक होगा।

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 Keywords

कीवर्ड: ईसाई धर्म; इस्लाम; यहूदी धर्म; तुलनात्मक अध्ययन; व्यावसायिक नैतिकता सिखाना

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition