Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

This study was designed to study the classroom performance of secondary school teachers in relation to their career commitment and job satisfaction. The sample consists of 900 secondary school teachers of three districts of H.P. Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis were computed from the tabulated data to examine the distribution pattern of classroom performance, career commitment, and job satisfaction. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation was used to determine the relationships between classroom performance and career commitment, as well as between classroom performance and job satisfaction.The results depicted that the correlation coefficient value between Classroom performance and career commitment is computed to be 0.047 which is less than the critical value. This value is found to be not significant at a 0.05 level of significance. It reveals that there is no significant association between classroom performance and the career commitment of secondary school teachers. Results also shows that the correlation coefficient value between Classroom performance and its dimensions and job satisfaction is computed to be 0.157 which is greater than the critical value. This value is found to be significant at a 0.01 level of significance. It reveals that there is a positive and significant correlation between classroom performance and the job satisfaction of secondary school teachers

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Classroom Performance, Secondary School Teachers, Career commitment, Job satisfaction.

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Adolescence represents a critical developmental phase characterized by rapid physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes. In the Indian educational system, this period coincides with intense academic pressure driven by competitive examinations, parental expectations, and future career concerns. As a result, a growing number of school students experience stress, anxiety, emotional exhaustion, and declining motivation toward learning. Although sports and physical activities are formally included in school curricula, they are often undervalued when compared to academic instruction. This imbalance raises concerns about students' holistic development and long-term well-being. This study investigates the role of sports participation in improving academic achievement, mental well-being, and classroom engagement among CBSE school students (Adani Vidya Mandir, Ahmedabad) from Classes VI to XII. A mixed-method research design was used, involving a structured 30-item student questionnaire, analysis of academic records, and teacher observations. The study draws on principles from cognitive science, educational psychology, and neuroscience, which explain how physical activity enhances brain function, emotional regulation, and learning capacity. The findings show that students who regularly participate in sports demonstrate lower stress levels, higher self-confidence, improved concentration, better peer relationships, and more positive academic behaviours. These students also show greater classroom attentiveness, improved time management, and higher motivation toward learning compared to students with minimal physical activity. The study concludes that sports are not merely extracurricular activities but a powerful educational tool that supports both academic success and student well-being. Integrating structured and regular sports programs into the daily routine of CBSE schools can strengthen students' mental resilience, improve learning outcomes, and promote holistic development, in alignment with the objectives of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and CBSE's focus on competency-based education.

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Sports, Boosting, Academic performance and well being

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Abstract: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of clutch hold method among Postnatal cesarean mothers admitted in obstetrics units of selected hospital at Gorakhpur. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental non-randomized control group design was used. Sixty participants with Postnatal cesarean mothers (30 in the experimental group, 30 in the control group) were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection involved a demographic proforma and the Likert scale to assess comfort levels before and after the intervention. The experimental group received Clutch hold method of breast feeding 3 days, while the control group received routine care. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings showed a significant improvement in comfort level the experimental group after the clutch hold method of breastfeeding, with a mean post-test pain score of 36.83 (SD 737.96). The control group's comfort level remained largely unchanged (mean pre-test 13.6, post-test 14.6). A significant association was also found between post-test comfort level and selected demographic variables. The study concludes that clutch hold method of breastfeeding is an effective intervention for improving comfort level. Index Terms - Assess, Effectiveness, clutch hold method cesarean section, postnatal mother, breastfeeding, comfort level, hospital.

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Index Terms - Assess, Effectiveness, clutch hold method cesarean section, postnatal mother, breastfeeding, comfort level, hospital.

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Biology plays a vital role in the contemporary education system worldwide by helping learners understand life processes, health, environment, and biodiversity. It fosters scientific thinking and equips students to address global challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and sustainable development. This research paper presents an exhaustive comparative analysis of upper secondary (Grades 11-12) Biology curricula across five distinct educational jurisdictions: the United States (emphasizing Next Generation Science Standards), the United Kingdom (England's A-Level framework), Japan (MEXT Course of Study), Finland (National Core Curriculum), and India (examining CBSE, NIOS, and State Board integrations). Utilizing a multi-dimensional theoretical framework grounded in social realism and didactic transformation, this study interrogates key criteria such as governing bodies, credit divisions, practical and theoretical weightage, assessment architectures, and interdisciplinary approaches etc. The analysis synthesizes data from official curriculum documents (NCERT, CBSE, MEXT, OFQUAL) and academic literature to reveal a global dichotomy between "Curriculum traditions" prioritizing content mastery and "Didactic traditions" emphasizing student-content interaction (Gericke et al., 2025). The research findings highlight significant disparities in the treatment of inquiry-based learning, with India maintaining high-stakes, content-dense models, while Finland and the USA move toward competency-based, modular structures. The report concludes with a data-driven strategic roadmap for the enrichment of India's biology curriculum, advocating for structural reforms aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 to foster scientific temper and global competitiveness.

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Comparative analysis, Senior Secondary Biology, Curriculum Design, Assessment Policy, Scientific Literacy, Powerful Knowledge, NEP 2020, NGSS, IB Diploma, A-Levels, MEXT Japan.

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A quasi-experimental study (non-randomized control group pre-post-test design) was adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of deep breathing exercises among children undergoing nebulisation therapy .The study include 60 samples of patients who were selected by purposive sampling technique. Respiratory assessment score and bio-physiological parameters are method used for data collection procedure. Experimental group received intervention of deep breathing exercises for 15-25 minutes a day. With regard to age, 9(30%) in experimental group and 10(33.3%) in control group belongs to the age group of 5-8 years and 9(30%) in experimental group and 9(30%) in control group belonged to the age group of above 8 years. Considering the gender, 17 (56.6%) subjects in the experimental group and 14(46.6%) in the control group were females and the remaining were males. For experimental group - breathing exercises were given for 10-15 minutes. For control group - nebulisation given to children thrice a day for 4 weeks. Mean, standard deviation, t-test, Pearson's chi-square test is used for statistical analysis. Regarding bio physiological parameter, the reduction is statistically significant (p=0.001***) in both groups. Thus, the author concludes that improvement in respiratory status seen in children who receive breathing exercises and nebulisation simultaneously. Thus, children with respiratory diseases will benefit from the intervention in improving their respiratory status by doing breathing exercises.

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Assess, Effectiveness, Deep Breathing Exercises, Nebulisation therapy.

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Emergency powers are a paradox in the constitution where the power of democratic federations is momentarily centralized, to save the state, and at the expense of the very freedoms they are supposed to defend. The current comparative analysis of the constitutional system regulating emergency powers in India, the United States and Germany compares the historical development of laws, the legal mechanism, judicial control, and practice of these laws. The analysis of the doctrines and the comparative approach to examine the topic shows that there are major differences between the explicit and quite often invoked emergency provisions in India and the implicit emergency doctrine of the USA and the model of the restrictive defensive democracy used in Germany. The research shows that the constitutional design, the past experience of authoritarianism, and the effectiveness of the judicial review play a pivotal role in determining whether the emergency powers are used as the protective means or as the means of constitutional undermining. Such results have a place in constitutional theory because it sheds light on how federal regimes strike between crisis management and democratic preservation as a guide to constitutional drafters in new democracies struggling with balancing the state security and civil liberties.

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Emergency Powers, Federal Constitutions, Comparative Constitutional Law, Judicial Review, Civil Liberties

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Introduction A descriptive study to assess the assertive behaviour and self esteem of staff nurses in selected hospital in the city and to develop and disseminate an informational booklet regarding assertive behaviour. Objectives: To assess the assertive behaviour of staff nurses; to assess the self esteem of staff nurses; to associate the assertive behaviour of staff nurses with selected demographic variables; to associate the self esteem of staff nurses with selected demographic variables; to correlate assertive behaviour and self esteem and to develop and disseminate an informational booklet regarding assertive behaviour. Method: A non-experimental descriptive design was used to assess knowledge of 100 staff nurses. The participants were selected by using a non probability convenient sampling technique. The structured questionnaire was prepared to assess the knowledge of staff nurses. Results: It was found that most of the staff nurses 45(45%) were having assertive behaviour, 29(29%) of them were probably aggressive, 20(20%) were somewhat assertive behavior, 6(6%) were situationally non assertive, and none of the samples were very non assertive behavior. All of the staff nurses 100(100%) were having self esteem score "within normal range". It was also found that there was no significant association of assertive behavior with selected demographic variables, also there was no significant association of self esteem with selected demographic variables. Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the staff nurses 45(45%) were having assertive behaviour, 29(29%) of them were probably aggressive, 20(20%) were somewhat assertive behavior, 6(6%) were situationally non assertive, and none of the samples were very non assertive behavior. All of the staff nurses 100(100%) were having self esteem score "within normal range".

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Assertiveness, Self -esteem, Nurses

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The Indian automobile sector is one of the largest and most dynamic industries in the country, playing a crucial role in economic growth, employment generation, and industrial development. This paper examines the performance of the Indian automobile industry with a focus on three key dimensions: production, domestic sales, and exports. It analyses recent trends across different vehicle segments, including passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, two-wheelers, and three-wheelers. The study highlights the impact of factors such as rising income levels, urbanization, government initiatives, technological advancements, and increasing global demand on the sector's growth. Furthermore, the paper discusses India's emergence as a global manufacturing and export hub for automobiles. The findings indicate that despite cyclical challenges, the Indian automobile sector continues to demonstrate strong growth potential, supported by a large domestic market and expanding export opportunities.

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Indian automobile sector; vehicle production; domestic sales; automobile exports; economic growth; manufacturing industry

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Depression is a common and serious mental health disorder that affects emotional well-being, physical health, and daily functioning. It is characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, and cognitive and physical symptoms that interfere with normal life. Depression affects people of all ages and is a leading cause of disability worldwide. The condition arises from a complex interaction of genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors. If untreated, depression can result in severe complications, including chronic illness, functional disability, and suicide. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of depression, including its definition, prevalence, types, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features across different age groups, risk factors, complications, prevention strategies, and the role of the PHQ-9 scale in assessment and diagnosis.

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Depression, mental disorder, prevalence, pathophysiology, PHQ-9, risk factors

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In the context of eco-friendly products and green efforts, cause-related marketing (CRM) has become a key strategic instrument that connects consumer purchasing behaviour with business social responsibility. The current study aims to identify the awareness and attitude of youth towards green consumables, along with identifying the most preferred causes, taking into consideration, while making such a choice. The results show that customers have a comparatively high awareness of eco-friendly items and a strong preference for companies that actively promote environmental reasons. Particularly among Gen Z and teenagers, consumers exhibit increased awareness of environmental issues and favourable attitudes toward cause-related marketing campaigns. This group exhibits a greater inclination for goods that support social issues, sustainability, and environmental preservation, suggesting that cause-related weighting is a significant factor if its associates with child education and women's welfare, mostly in influencing their purchasing decisions.

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cause-related marketing, awareness, attitude, Gen Z, child education, women's welfare etc.

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