Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

A Study of the Reasons for Fast-Food Preference Among Teenagers: With Reference to Damoh Prahar

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Teenagers, Fast Food

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This paper presented the availability and effective utilization of electronic resources in medical college and research centre libraries in India with special reference to Uttar Pradesh. In the context of rapid expansion of medical education, ever-increasing dependence on digital modes of scholarly communication, electronic resources became central for teaching, research, and clinical learning. A descriptive and analytical research design has been adopted using secondary data and bibliometric indicators derived from an open, scholarly dataset. As institutional usage statistics are not directly available, publication output and citation impact in medical and health sciences were examined as proxy measures of the digital research environment supported by electronic resources. Findings revealed a continued national growth in the output of medical and health sciences publications, at an average annual increase of about 8-10%, indicating a gradually firming digital research ecosystem among the medical institutions in India. However, the contribution of Uttar Pradesh medical colleges was relatively low, with less than 6% share in the national publication output; productivity was concentrated in a few established institutions, with a low output for the newly established ones and lower citation impacts. The mean citation impact of high publication density institutions was around 1.8 times that of low output institutions, reflecting more productive utilization of electronic resources. The study demonstrated that availability itself did not guarantee better research performance; quality of infrastructure, access mechanism and library support services played an important role in transforming digital access to scholarly output. The findings provide evidence-based insights for strengthening electronic resource planning and reducing regional disparities in medical library services.

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Electronic information resources; Medical library services; Digital access infrastructure; Scholarly research output; Bibliometric indicators; Medical education institutions; Uttar Pradesh

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The rising international interest in sustainable finance and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting has made a major impact on financial decision-making procedures. India The Information Technology (IT) industry is a high contributor to the GDP and jobs, under increasing pressure to be in line with sustainable, ethical practices. This essay examines the most prevalent issues and opportunities related to ESG reporting and sustainable finance, in specific to the accountants in the field of the Indian IT industry. It examines the regulatory environment, the readiness of the accounting practitioners, and the contributions of technology towards making disclosures transparent and effective. Based on analysis of secondary data and qualitative information, the paper identifies the loopholes that exist in the existing reporting frameworks and puts forward a set of actionable measures that would help enhance the position of the accountant in creating sustainable corporate governance in the sector.

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Keywords: Sustainable Finance, ESG Reporting, Accountants, IT Sector, India, Corporate Governance, Disclosure Standards, Green Accounting.

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Background: Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent among physiotherapy students due to prolonged faulty postures, repetitive clinical activities, and physical strain during training. Myofascial trigger points in the quadratus lumborum (QL) muscle are a common source of pain and restricted lumbar mobility. Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT) and Kinesio Taping (KT) are frequently used interventions for managing myofascial pain, but limited evidence exists comparing their immediate effects on QL trigger points in young physiotherapy students. Aim: To compare the effects of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique and Kinesio Taping on pain and lumbar range of motion (ROM) in physiotherapy students with trigger points in the quadratus lumborum muscle. Methodology: An experimental study was conducted on 30 physiotherapy students aged 18-25 years with moderate low back pain (NPRS 4-7). Participants were randomly divided into two groups: Group A received INIT along with conventional exercises, and Group B received Kinesio Taping along with the same conventional exercises. Interventions were given for 5 sessions. Pain intensity was measured using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and lumbar ROM (flexion, extension, right and left side bending) was assessed using a bubble goniometer. Pre-treatment, immediate post-treatment, and post-intervention readings were recorded. Results: Both groups showed statistically significant reductions in pain and improvements in lumbar ROM after the intervention (p < 0.05). INIT demonstrated significant improvements in lumbar flexion, extension, and side bending along with pain reduction. Similarly, the Kinesio Taping group showed significant pain reduction and ROM improvement across all measured lumbar movements. On comparison, both interventions were found to be effective, with no clear superiority of one technique over the other. Conclusion: Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique and Kinesio Taping, when combined with conventional exercises, are both effective in reducing pain and improving lumbar range of motion in physiotherapy students with quadratus lumborum trigger points. Both techniques can be considered useful short-term treatment options in clinical practice.

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Low back pain, Quadratus lumborum, Trigger points, Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique, Kinesio Taping, Physiotherapy students, Lumbar range of motion.

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The Inner Line Permit (ILP) system, introduced under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation of 1873, continues to function as a key regulatory mechanism governing entry into Arunachal Pradesh. Originally designed to restrict access to frontier tribal areas, the ILP has been reinterpreted in post-independence India as an instrument for safeguarding indigenous identity, demographic stability, and territorial security. This article examines the role of the ILP in shaping migration patterns and managing socio-economic change in Arunachal Pradesh. Census data (2011) indicate that in-migration remains relatively low (around 4.5 per cent), while Scheduled Tribes constitute nearly 68.8 per cent of the population, suggesting that the permit regime has contributed to demographic stability. At the same time, ILP restrictions have generated economic constraints by limiting labour mobility and contributing to slow industrial growth and reliance on informal migrant labour. The article also explores emerging challenges, including illegal migration, enforcement gaps, urbanisation pressures, and constitutional debates surrounding freedom of movement and equality. Drawing on secondary sources such as government reports, census data, academic literature, and regional media, the study highlights the ILP's dual character as both a protective instrument for indigenous communities and a contested policy framework. It argues that the long-term sustainability of the ILP depends on balancing cultural preservation with economic development and strengthening governance mechanisms through administrative reform and community participation.

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Inner Line Permit, migration regulation, indigenous identity, Arunachal Pradesh, frontier governance, internal migration, constitutional safeguards

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Edward James Hughes, popularly known as Ted Hughes, is one of the prominent poets of 20th century England who rose to become the Poet Laureate of the nation in 1984. Throughout his poetic career, he has shown a deep interest in the world of birds and animals as the elements of the natural phenomena. The very titles of his poetry collections The Hawk in the Rain (1957), Crow (1970), Cave Birds (1978) and The River (1983) clearly reflect his deeply rooted connections with the biological world around him. Through his vivid and sensuous description of the living creatures, Hughes attempts to underline the inevitable co-existence of man and nature and throws light on the need to adapt and adopt as the birds and animals. Most of his animal poems highlight the brutal aspects of nature which can prove to be disastrous to the human life. Exploring the eternal relationship between man and nature, Hughes' poetry generates a sense of awe and fear as a result of man's indiscreet exploitation of the natural resources. The present paper proposes to analyse the various aspects of man-nature relationship as depicted in the verses penned by Hughes and the imagery of violence and devastation pertaining to nature as a result of man's failure to understand and adapt to nature.

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birds and animals, natural phenomena, biological world, awe and fear, brutal aspects

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The present research employs empirical data to examine gender inequality in major social spheres such as education, labor, politics, and unpaid care. The research is positioned within the theoretical nexus of feminist approaches and sociological studies. Through the lens of women's experiences and the underlying dynamics of power, feminist sociology challenges and problematizes traditional sociological approaches that have traditionally relegated gender as a major conceptual category. The research is based on secondary data and uses a sociological interpretive methodological framework to explain how different feminist theoretical approaches, such as liberal feminism, Marxist feminism, radical feminism, and intersectional feminism, offer different explanations for the same phenomenon of the reproduction of gender inequality. The quantitative data is presented in graphical form to highlight the trends, which are then critically interpreted to explain their implications.

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Feminism, Gender Inequality, Patriarchy, Inter-sectionality

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The need to create methods that will transform biowaste into useful active materials is urgent given the growing amount of industrial and ecological bio-waste. Among the several materials examined, we specifically emphasize the application of potential carbon-containing bioprecursors (such as plant-based, amino acid, and carbohydrate bioprecursors), industrial waste, and their transformation into GQDs with minimal chemical usage. The implications of various processing factors on GQD features, such as surface functionalization, paradigmatic characterisation, toxicity, and biocompatibility concerns of GQDs generated from bioprecursors, are the main topic of this review. The present difficulties and the continuous investigation of possible bioprecursors for environmentally acceptable GQD synthesis for future use are also included in this study. Due to their protein-like size, extremely high photostability, and long-term biosafety in vivo, photoluminescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have long been thought to be highly appropriate for bioimaging; yet, their special and vital in vivo bioimaging applications are still unattainable. Here, we introduce planted GQDs as a superb tool for multimodality, in vivo fluorescent, sustainable tumour bioimaging in a range of settings. To create the NPs-GQDs-PEG, the GQDs were in situ planted in the PEG layer of PEGylated nanoparticles using a bottom-up molecular technique.

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graphen quatum dots

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Creativity is widely recognized as a defining attribute of architectural practice; however, it is often discussed primarily in aesthetic or intuitive terms. This theoretical study reconceptualizes creativity as a cognitive asset fundamental to architectural thinking, problem-solving, and innovation. The paper examines creativity as a structured cognitive process embedded within architectural design, rather than as a spontaneous or purely artistic ability. Drawing on theories of creativity, design cognition, and neuro-architecture, the study explores how imagination, narrative thinking, visual-spatial reasoning, and iterative cognitive processes support architectural creativity. The analysis highlights creativity as a dynamic and cyclical cognitive mechanism that enables architects to engage with ill-defined problems, integrate diverse constraints, and transform abstract ideas into meaningful built form. Creativity is further examined as a cognitive resource that supports conceptual integration, anticipatory thinking, and reflective judgment within architectural practice. By positioning creativity as a cognitive asset, the paper strengthens its theoretical legitimacy within architectural discourse and emphasizes its role as an essential intellectual resource in architectural education and professional practice. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of architectural creativity by framing it within a cognitive and neuro-architectural perspective, offering a robust theoretical foundation for future research and pedagogical exploration in architecture.

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Creativity, Architecture, Cognitive Asset, Design Cognition, Architectural thinking

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Since the dawn of human civilization, plants have been used for various medicinal purposes to cure a wide range of ailments. Kumbhi is also one of them.Kumbhi, a member of Lecythidacea family is a tree with yellow flowers and large green leaves. Careya arborea Roxb., commonly known as Kumbhi, is an important ethnobotanical tree of tropical India, widely distributed across the plains and forest belts of Chhattisgarh. Tribal communities such as the Gond, Halba, Maria, Muria and Bhatra heavily depend on this plant for medicine, nutrition, food preparation, rituals and ecological sustainability. This review synthesizes existing literature on the ethnobotanical practices, phytochemical composition, traditional medicinal applications, nutritional relevance and indigenous energy-based interpretations associated with Kumbhi. The study uses secondary data from published research, regional forest reports and ethnographic surveys to create a consolidated scientific understanding. Observations indicate that the plant contains Flavonoids, Triterpenoids, Glycosides and Phenolics responsible for antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In Chhattisgarh, the bark is popularly used for fever, cough and gastrointestinal problems, while fruits and flowers are consumed as seasonal food. The paper highlights ecological contributions such as soil stabilization, wildlife nourishment and forest regeneration. Results emphasise that Kumbhi is a culturally significant and pharmacologically promising species requiring greater documentation, conservation and scientific validation.

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: Careya arborea, Kumbhi, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, tribal medicine, nutritional value, bioactive compounds.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition