Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Background: Abhishyanda is one of the most commonly described Netra Rogas in Ayurvedic classics and is considered the root cause of several ocular disorders. Clinically, it shows close resemblance to conjunctivitis, characterized by redness, discharge, irritation, and inflammation of the conjunctiva. Ayurveda advocates both Shodhana and Sthanik Panchakarma procedures in its management. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Panchakarma procedures in the management of Abhishyanda with special reference to conjunctivitis through a single case study. Methods: A 28-year-old male patient presenting with redness, discharge, itching, and burning sensation in both eyes was treated with Panchakarma procedures including Virechana, Nasya, and local Netra Kriyakalpa therapies for 7 days. Subjective and objective parameters were assessed before and after treatment. Results: Significant reduction in redness, discharge, itching, and burning sensation was observed. No recurrence was noted during follow-up. Conclusion: Panchakarma and Netra Kriyakalpa procedures provide effective, safe, and holistic management for Abhishyanda (conjunctivitis), addressing both systemic and local pathology.

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 Keywords

Abhishyanda, Conjunctivitis, Panchakarma, Netra Kriyakalpa, Shalakya Tantra

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The helmet compliance and alcohol monitoring system is designed for better road safety, ensuring total road safety, including pedestrians and vehicles present on the road. This system applies helmet enforcement to riders during their daily commutes, with the aim of saving the lives of millions of riders worldwide. This system focuses on helmet compliance and ensures that no intoxicated rider is riding the bike and putting their lives and others on the road at risk. While dealing with this, we are also looking forward to ensuring that no rider on the road becomes the prey of drowsiness and road hallucination. We are introducing a double layer of authentication for helmet compliance to ensure no one can bypass the system. Indian riders primarily belong to the labor class, commuting daily on their bikes while often neglecting safety; they are skilled individuals who form the backbone of our country. Losing valuable individuals due to negligence is unacceptable, so we are committed to protecting these assets of our country and promoting their safety and responsibility. This project focuses on new technology and ensures that no public property is damaged and that the nation and society do not face any issues with losing such valuable personnel.

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helmet compliance, safety

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The rising cost of specialty oncology medicines has become a significant part of global healthcare spending. It affects patients, providers, and payers. This study looks at the economic impact of specialty oncology drugs over a five-year period from 2021 to 2026. It focuses on pricing trends, the role of biosimilar competition, and what this means for patient access. During this time, oncology therapies, especially biologics and targeted treatments, have shown considerable price increases. These increases are due to advancements in precision medicine, immunotherapy, and extended patent protections. Higher launch prices and yearly price hikes have put more financial pressure on healthcare systems and raised out-of-pocket costs for patients. At the same time, the introduction of biosimilars for major oncology biologics such as trastuzumab, bevacizumab, and rituximab has changed the market dynamics. Evidence shows that the availability of biosimilars has led to lower average sales prices and better access to treatments in several areas. However, even with noticeable savings at the system level, reductions in patients' financial burdens are inconsistent. This inconsistency is due to reimbursement policies, formulary restrictions, and the complexity of benefit designs. This study uses secondary data from healthcare spending reports, pharmaceutical pricing databases, and peer-reviewed literature to analyze five-year trends and assess how much biosimilar competition eases economic pressure. The findings reveal a paradox: while biosimilars help reduce overall drug costs, structural barriers hinder their ability to improve access for all patients. The paper ends with recommendations for policy reforms that aim to enhance pricing transparency, encourage biosimilar use, and ensure that payer incentives support sustainable oncology care.

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Biologics, Biosimilars, Oncology, Health Economics.

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These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for IEEE Access. Use this document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. The electronic file of your paper will be formatted further at IEEE. Paper titles should be written in uppercase and lowercase letters, not all uppercase. Avoid writing long formulas with subscripts in the title; short formulas that identify the elements are fine (e.g., "Nd-Fe-B"). Do not write "(Invited)" in the title. Full names of authors are preferred in the author field, but are not required. Put a space between authors' initials. The abstract must be a concise yet comprehensive reflection of what is in your article. In particular, the abstract must be self-contained, without abbreviations, footnotes, or references. It should be a microcosm of the full article. The abstract must be between 150-250 words. Be sure that you adhere to these limits; otherwise, you will need to edit your abstract accordingly. The abstract must be written as one paragraph, and should not contain displayed mathematical equations or tabular material. The abstract should include three or four different keywords or phrases, as this will help readers to find it. It is important to avoid over-repetition of such phrases as this can result in a page being rejected by search engines. Ensure that your abstract reads well and is grammatically correct.

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Predictive maintenance, Deep learning, spatiotemporal attention, multimodal sensor data, RUL estimation, fault detection, Industry 4.0.

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The conventional history of Indian independence often treats the movement as a unified struggle led by the Indian National Congress, culminating in political sovereignty in 1947. Yet this narrative obscures parallel struggles for social emancipation, especially those led by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. Ambedkar's seminal critique of "Hindu nationalism" emphasized that without dismantling caste hierarchies, Swaraj (self-rule) would simply replace British colonial rule with a caste-based hegemony. Drawing on John Dewey's pragmatist democracy, Ambedkar argued that Indian society required social Swaraj--equality and interaction across caste, in order to sustain political democracy (Ambedkar, Writings and Speeches 57). His analysis in Annihilation of Caste (1936) and in debates such as the Poona Pact and the Hindu Code Bill debate reveals that caste itself was a structural barrier to democracy. This paper examines Ambedkar's intervention as a necessary reorientation of the nationalist narrative. It shows how his concepts of social endosmosis, Dalit political agency, and constitutional morality challenged Gandhian moral reformism and exposed the limits of mere political sovereignty. Through highlighting these arguments, the paper argue that Ambedkar redefined freedom as an unfinished project requiring the eradication of caste domination, and made democracy contingent on social transformation (Ambedkar, Annihilation of Caste 20).

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Ambedkar, Indian Nationalism, Caste System, Pragmatism, Social Democracy, Constitutional Morality, Subaltern Studies, Hindu Code Bill

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Organocatalysis has emerged as a powerful and environmentally benign approach inside the quest for sustainable chemical synthesis. This paper explores the primary ideas and various types of organocatalysis, highlighting their relevance in reaching inexperienced chemistry dreams. Recent improvements in organocatalyst design--starting from bifunctional catalysts to non-covalent and asymmetric structures--are tested, along-side their sensible programs in diverse natural variations. A comparative analysis with traditional metal-based catalysis is offered to underscore the ecological and financial advantages of steel-free structures. Key standards for selecting efficient, non-poisonous, and eco-friendly organocatalysts are outlined, emphasizing parameters such as availability, stability, reusability, and response conditions. Finally, the assessment evaluates the future instructions and business scalability of organocatalytic methodologies, positioning them as important equipment for sustainable synthesis in both academic and business domain names.

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Organocatalysis, Green Chemistry, Sustainable Synthesis, Metal-free Catalysis, Eco-friendly Catalysts, Catalyst Innovation, Industrial Scalability

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EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME ON STROKE AWARENESS IN YOUNG ADULTS Author- Rachna1, Dr. Megha gakhar2Akanksha Mittal3Dr. Vinay Jagga4 1PG Student, College of Physiotherapy, Pt. B.D. Sharma UHS, Rohtak. India 2Assistant Professor, College of Physiotherapy, Pt. B.D. Sharma UHS, Rohtak. India 3PG Student, College of Physiotherapy, Pt. B.D. Sharma UHS, Rohtak. India 4Professor, Baba Mast Nath College of Physiotherapy, BMU, Rohtak. India Abstract Background: Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide, with increasing incidence rates in developing countries like India. Despite well-known risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, a significant knowledge gap exists, especially among young adults. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention designed to increase stroke awareness among young adults in Rohtak, Haryana, India. The primary objective was to evaluate changes in knowledge regarding stroke symptoms, risk factors, and prevention strategies following an educational session. Methods: A pre-test and post-test study design was employed, involving 200 participants from various educational institutions in Rohtak. Participants completed a demographic survey and a pre-test section of the Stroke Knowledge and Attitude Test (SKAT) questionnaire to assess their baseline knowledge of stroke. Following this, they participated in a 40-60-minute educational session, which included a PowerPoint presentation discussing stroke recognition, prevention, and lifestyle changes. After the intervention, participants completed a post-test section of the SKAT questionnaire and a satisfaction survey to evaluate the effectiveness of the session. Results: The study results demonstrated a significant improvement in stroke knowledge. Pre-test and post-test scores highlighted increases in understanding stroke symptoms, risk factors, and the importance of rapid medical intervention. Specifically, the knowledge score rose from 3.63 to 12.32, and response scores increased from 0 to 11.31, indicating substantial gains in knowledge retention and engagement. Additionally, over 85% of participants expressed satisfaction with the educational material, and 90% agreed that stroke education should be more widely available to the public. Conclusions: The educational intervention effectively increased stroke awareness among young adults in Rohtak, India. The findings suggest that targeted, culturally sensitive educational sessions can significantly enhance knowledge and engagement, leading to better recognition of stroke symptoms and improved preventive behaviors. The success of this program provides valuable insights into designing future stroke education strategies in India and similar contexts. Keywords: education, intervention, stroke, awareness

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91+7015279115

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self-efficacy, life satisfaction, teacher well-being, gender differences, Indian higher education

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transdermal drug delivery system, controlled drug, skin permeability

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The present study has aimed to examine the effects of socio-economic status on social and emotional adjustment. In other words, how different kinds of adjustment like social and emotional are linked with socio-economic status? How do the subject's differing in socio-economic status? How to subject differing in socio-economic status differs in the importance attached to social and emotional adjustment? 150 post-graduate students of Muzaffarpur town of Bihar have been selected as sample in the present study with regard to the data collection where purposive-cum-incidental sampling has been used. Socio-economic status scale developed by Kuppuswamy revised in 2024 which has been used to measure the socio-economic status of the subjects. Mohsin-Shamshad Bell's Adjustment Inventory (Hindi adaptation), 1969 has been used to measure the different adjustments (Social and Emotional) of the subjects. Several objectives have been determined to facilitate the further process of extending the present research work. In this study, three groups of subjects have been selected. The objectives of the study is to find out the differential position of the social and emotional adjustment among three group of subjects like upper level, middle level and lower level in ranking of two types of adjustment like social and emotional. The result indicates that middle class post-graduate students attached more importance to social adjustment than that of upper class post-graduate students. Likewise, the lower class post-graduate students are attached more important to social adjustment than that of upper and middle class post-graduate students. Likewise middle class post-graduate students attached more importance to emotional adjustment than that upper and lower class post-graduate students. Similarly upper class students attached more importance to emotional adjustment than that of lower class post-graduate students.

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Upper, Middle and Lower class, Social and Emotional Adjustment.

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