Volume 6 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Concrete is the most widely used construction material in today's world. The process of making concrete and placing needs close supervision to achieve the targeted design parameters. Once the concrete of required strength and workability is designed, the placing of concrete plays an important role. The difference between good and bad concrete can also be attributed to the quality control, provided all other factors are essentially maintained in the process of concrete making. Quality control refers to proper compaction, form working and curing. Compressive strength of concrete cast in structures is generally determined by core cylinder tests. This requires concrete cores to be taken out of structures and to be tested for compressive strength. This result will be indicative of the concrete quality from making to placing. However, these standard tests conducted on specimens represent the potential quality of concrete only when they are subjected to full compaction.

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A REPORT ON THE EFFECT OF COMPACTION AND CURING ON THE STRENGTH OF CORE CONCRETE

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The current empirical study investigates the issues faced by rural entrepreneurs, concentrating on elements like market accessibility, financing availability, insufficient infrastructure, and a lack of training and education. The three villages in the Mandya district contributed to the study with its primary data. The study examined the 80 respondents' valid responses. The study outlined the main obstacles that prevent rural businesses from growing, such as a lack of funding and support, inadequate infrastructure, a lack of marketing opportunities, a lack of entrepreneurial skills, a lack of community support, and a lack of knowledge and awareness. The study also examined the prospects of rural entrepreneurship, highlighting the potential for growth through government initiatives, adequate infrastructure, digitalization, networking, technology assistance, leadership, and community-based support systems. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to empower rural entrepreneurs, thereby enhancing rural livelihoods and contributing to the overall development of the rural economy. This study offers insights into the policy framework and strategic measures required to foster a conducive environment for rural entrepreneurship, ensuring long-term sustainability and inclusive growth.

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Rural Entrepreneurship, rural entrepreneurship, problems, challenges, prospects

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This study examines Kiran Desai's highly regarded novel, The Inheritance of Loss (2006), which has received numerous important accolades, including the Booker Prize, emphasizing its literary importance. The Inheritance of Loss, Desai's second novel after Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard (1998), delves into intricate subjects of identity, displacement, and the cultural conflicts arising from the clash between the past and the present. Desai effectively depicts the challenges faced by Indian and American expatriates, the impact of colonialism, and the emotional upheaval caused by migration through well-developed characters and a compelling narrative style. The novel's varied characters, including the resentful retired judge and the uprooted immigrant Biju, exemplify these overarching themes, offering a subtle analysis of the immigrant experience and the enduring consequences of colonialism. Desai's narrative style, marked by a combination of realism and irony, establishes The Inheritance of Loss as a compelling critique of worldwide cultural changes and the individual consequences of these alterations.

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Kiran Desai's The Inheritance of Loss: A Re-Read

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Federalism is derived from the Latin word 'Foedus', which means 'Agreement'. In fact, federation is an agreement between two types of governments sharing power and controlling their respective spheres. Thus a federation is a system of national and local governments, combined under a common sovereignty with both national as well as federating units having autonomous spheres assigned to them by the constitution. India opted for quasi-federal structure after independence. The term "federal" has not been mentioned in the constitution but the working of Indian democracy is essentially federal in structure. However, it is the practical working style of federalism, which brought the concept of cooperative federalism and competitive federalism in India. The present government is stressing on the need to leverage the potential of cooperative and competitive federalism for achieving all round inclusive development in India. In this context there is a need to examine the concepts of cooperative and competitive federalism.

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Federalism, Power Sharing, Co-operation, Central, State Governments.

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Depreciation refers to a fall in the value of the domestic currency which is caused by the demand for foreign currency exceeding its supply in the market. In such a situation one has to pay more than before to get units of foreign currency. This fall takes place in the market and on its own. Market determined exchange rate serves the purpose of aligning the domestic economy with the world economy was the price route. As consequences the domestic price gets linked up with those of the world price. With the liberalizations and globalization of the economy in recent years, imports are bound to increase. The lessening of restrictions on imports and lowering of tariff on imports which the economic reform implies, an increase in imports has in fact taken place. Again with trade is having become an important element of the new strategy of growth. India being a developing economy with high inflation, depreciation of the currency is quite natural. Depreciation of rupee is good, so long as it is not volatile. A random depreciation that we have seen in the last few months is bad and it has hurt the economy. Right from the beginning of year 2013, the value of rupee has been depreciating.

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DEPRECIAITON OF INDIAN CURRENCY AND GROWTH RATE IN INDIAN ECONOMY

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Foundations are sometimes located either on a slope surface or near to the crown of a slope. These cases arise due to the limitation of available space or according to architectural needs. Cost saving might result if shallow foundations could be used instead of deep foundations to support such structures or if the allowable bearing capacity can be increased using an appropriate soil improvement technique. From an economical point of view, it is more advantageous, in case of bridges, to locate the footings near to the edge of the slope and to make the slope as steep as possible. But in such cases, the ultimate bearing capacity shall be reduced as the footing is more adjacent to a slope crest. This phenomenon is clarified by the theoretical methods used for predicting the bearing capacity of shallow foundation located in or on the top surface of a slope. In many of the aforementioned structural cases, it might not be possible to use the shallow foundation system, and accordingly, using an expensive foundation system becomes the only suitable solution. For these reasons, over years the subject of improving the load bearing capacity of foundations on slopes and stabilizing the earth slopes have become among the most important areas of geotechnical researches and it has attracted a great deal of attention. In fact, both the stability of a slope and the bearing capacity of the adjacent soil can be increased in different ways, such as modifying the slope surface geometry, using soil reinforcement, or installing continuous or discrete retaining structures such as retaining walls or piles. In The Present Study Performance of footing resting on slopes which is having homogeneous soil profiles and layered soil profile will be investigated and The dynamic behaviour of model footings are studied during earthquake. In the proposed work numerical studies are planned based on finite element method using software Plaxis version 8.2. Plaxis version 8" is a finite element software program developed in the Netherlands for two and three-dimensional analysis of geo-structures and geotechnical engineering problems. It includes from the most basic to the most advanced constitutive models for the simulation of the linear or non-linear, time-dependent and anisotropic behavior of soil and/or rock. Plaxis is also equipped with features to deal with various aspects of complex structures and study the soil-structure interaction effect. In addition to static loads, the dynamic module of Plaxis also provides a powerful tool for modeling the dynamic response of a soil structure during an earthquake

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shallow, bearing capacity, retaining, soil-structure,

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The history of foreign domination in India is replete with a courage, sacrifice and dedication to the cause of freedom. But over the decades, the fight for freedom of the country was continued with the same dedication, singleness of purpose and solidarity. The heroes of our freedom struggle came from every corner of the country. They did not speak one language. They did not belong to one religion or one caste. They rose above these narrow loyalties and considerations and had in tense love for their motherland and keenness to see the country free. That was the single thread of unity that bound them all. Free India has been built on untold sacrifices made by numerous individuals. Freedom movement was started not merely to drive the Britishers out of India, but the struggle continued to gain recognition for our nation among the other advanced nations of the world. "Indians should be the Masters of India" was the dictum. The main aim was that the Indian had to be an equal to the world citizen. This may call as freedom movement is related to human life, namely ,traditions, economic activities, rich cultural background and goals, Gandhiji dreamt of Swaraj. In this world Swaraj means, "The wealth of the nation is being washed away, we Indians are very poor. We should come out from poverty. Although India is a rich land, people suffer from epidemic diseases. Until and unless the Britishers are driven away from India, we will not rest in peace.

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freedom movement, domination, solidarity, revolt

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Abstract The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and unmanned aerial vehicles, commonly known as drones, has opened new possibilities for precision agriculture. This paper presents a novel approach for the detection of plant diseases using AI-based drone technology. The system leverages high-resolution aerial imagery captured by drones and employs advanced machine learning algorithms to identify and classify various plant diseases in real-time. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles is revolutionizing the agricultural industry. Cashews are grown by approximately 70% of small and marginal farmers, and the cashew industry plays a critical role in their economic development. Several fungal and algal diseases threaten the cashew tree, resulting in substantial losses in yield. Some cashew-growing regions are particularly susceptible to powdery mildew, damping off, anthracnose, and inflorescence blight. To take timely countermeasures against plant diseases and infections, it is imperative to monitor and detect diseases as early as possible and take suitable measures. Using, such as those that are equipped with artificial intelligence, can assist farmers by providing early detection of crop diseases and precision pesticide application. To facilitate efficient and effective crop monitoring, a equipped with a camera will be deployed to take aerial photographs. An edge computing paradigm of Artificial Intelligence is employed to process this image in order to make decisions with the least amount of latency possible. This paper discusses the system architecture, including the drone hardware, imaging sensors, and the AI algorithms used for image processing. It also addresses implementation challenges such as varying environmental conditions and the need for large annotated datasets for training the AI models. Preliminary field trials demonstrate the system's effectiveness in detecting common plant diseases, with promising results that suggest significant potential for improving crop management and yield. Future work will focus on expanding the range of detectable diseases, enhancing the robustness of the AI models, and integrating the system with existing agricultural management platforms.

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Keywords: deep learning, plant disease, CNN, agriculture, classification, EfficientNet.

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Abstract Cyber attacks are prevalent in the age of the Internet. Each year, both the quantity and severity of cybercrimes increase. Protection against cyber-attacks has become a primary responsibility, Significant in the internet society of today. However, providing cyber security is a highly difficult task that requires experience in the field of attacks and the ability to evaluate the possibility of threats. The continual evolution of cyber attacks is the biggest challenge in this industry. In the increasingly digital world, the frequency and sophistication of cyber attacks continue to rise, posing significant threats to individuals, organizations, and nations. Traditional cyber security measures often fall short in identifying and mitigating novel and evolving threats. This paper presents a machine learning-based cyber security technique designed to detect and predict upcoming cyber attacks. The proposed system leverages advanced machine learning algorithms to analyze vast amounts of network data and identify patterns indicative of potential threats. Experimental results demonstrate the system's capability to detect a wide range of cyber attacks, including zero-day exploits, phishing, and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. The proposed technique shows promising results in terms of detection accuracy, false positive rate, and response time, highlighting its potential as a robust solution for proactive cyber defense. This research contributes to the field of cyber security by providing a scalable, adaptive, and efficient approach to threat detection. Future work will focus on enhancing the model's scalability, integrating it with existing security infrastructure, and conducting extensive field tests to validate its performance in real-world scenarios. The most effective method of protection from these attackers is to conduct vulnerability analysis against newly emerging threats for the systems we use and to rectify identified vulnerabilities. In this research paper, the weaknesses of wireless communication towards remote connection usage of the mini electric autonomous vehicle were investigated, which we developed and produced its mechanics, electronics, and software.

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Keywords: Cyber security, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cyber Attacks, Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning Reinforcement Learning Deep Learning

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In the present scenario the amount of medical image data being generated is enormous. Statistics say that the storage needs have increased by 25% accounting to petabytes of image data [1]. The major reasons for this increase in the imaging data is the growth in the aged population, awareness among people, increase in the size and resolution of the images and also due to retention policies and backup images [2]. Also the cost involved in per gigabytes data storage is very high. This has caused serious challenge in the storage and transmission of medical images. Though doctors are reluctant to use lossy compression, it is predominantly the solution that decreases the amount of storage. JPEG compression are widely used because of their advantage. In this research an effort has been made to investigate, evaluate and analyse the effects of compression on the size and quality of the image using popular JPEG compression algorithms. Hundreds of images from radiological modalities (CT, MRI and Digital X-Ray) were subjected to JPEG compression at varying qualities [100% to 5%]. Subjective validation was carried out with the help of Physicians by using side-by-side (or "flicker") comparison of original image and compressed image using 5 Point scoring scale. Quantitative assessment was accomplished by comparing MSE, PSNR, CR and BPP

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 Keywords

Medical images, JPEG compression, Scalability

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