Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

The proliferation of digital interconnectivity has spawned a parallel universe of criminal activity, rendering traditional penal statutes increasingly obsolete. While substantive cyber laws have been enacted globally to define digital offences, the procedural aspect specifically the prosecution of these crimes remains fraught with systemic complexities. This paper conducts an analytical study of the legal frameworks governing cybercrime, with a specific focus on the impediments faced by prosecution agencies. Key challenges identified include jurisdictional ambiguity in a borderless domain, the technical volatility of digital evidence, the anonymity afforded by encryption and the Dark Web, and the bureaucratic lethargy of Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs). By analyzing recent case laws, statutory provisions (including the Budapest Convention, the US CLOUD Act, and comparative domestic laws), and emerging threats like Deepfakes and Ransomware, this study highlights the widening chasm between technological sophistication and judicial preparedness. The paper concludes that without harmonized international cooperation and a revamp of evidentiary standards, the conviction rate for cybercrimes will remain disproportionately low.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cyber crime, Digital Evidence, Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs)

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper examines the expanding role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in space expeditions, focusing on autonomous navigation, anomaly detection, mission planning, habitat sustainability, and astronaut support systems. With increasing mission complexity, AI has become a core enabler for long-duration and deep-space operations. This study integrates scholarly literature, existing mission data, and a simulation-based performance model to analyze the impact of AI on reliability and efficiency. Results from the simulation framework show significant gains in early anomaly detection and autonomous decision-making, demonstrating AI's potential to reduce mission risk

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence , Space Exploration , Astronomy analytics , Space Robotics , satellite Data

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the present work, we have used a readily available plant Sansevieria Laurentii (SL) leaf extract for the biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticles. By ensuring their specific absorptions in FT-IR spectral analysis silver nanoparticles, the functional behavior of flavones, triterpenoids, and polyphenols found in Sansevieria Laurentii has been discovered. A color shift and UV-Vis spectroscopy with an absorption spectrum at 440 nm were used to analyze the biosynthesized SL-AgNPs. SL-AgNPs are capped and bioreduced by the biomolecules found in Sansevieria Laurentii leaf extract. This composite product offers a novel, affordable formulation. Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Ag NPs on methylene blue (MB) dye was assessed, yielding indications of the synthesized material for photo catalytic applications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ag nanoparticles, Sansevieria Laurentii, Nanocatalyst, Photocatalyst.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Digital entertainment has become a defining element of childhood in the 21st century, especially with the rapid technological growth observed between 2020 and 2025. Children interact daily with mobile games, animated shows, virtual learning apps, and creative digital platforms, all of which shape their imagination, problem-solving skills, and cognitive development. This paper examines how digital entertainment influences creativity among children aged 6-14, focusing on multimodal learning, exploratory play, and digital creation tools. Grounded in constructivist, socio-cultural, and cognitive-development theories, the study highlights that structured digital engagement promotes independent thinking, collaboration, visual-spatial reasoning, and innovative expression. Research from global educational organizations reveals that when guided appropriately, digital entertainment enhances children's creative abilities, boosts their decision-making speed, and supports flexible thinking. The paper concludes by emphasizing balanced screen use, adult facilitation, and educational integration to maximize creative benefits while maintaining healthy development.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Entertainment, Creativity, Cognitive Development, Digital Media, Child Psychology, Digital Learning, 21st-Century Skills

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sustainability is one the newest degree subjects that attempts to bridge social science with civic engineering and environmental science with the technology of the future. When we use the word "sustainability" then we think of renewable fuel sources, reducing carbon emissions, protecting environments and a way of keeping the delicate ecosystems of our planet in balance. In short, sustainability looks to protect our natural environment, human and ecological health, while driving innovation and not compromising our way of life. Development Index is one of the most widely used measure of well-being. The Human weak point of this index is that it does not take into account the concept of sustainability and, more precisely, it is lacking in the environmental component specification. On the other side of the spectrum, some indicators provide useful information about the environmental health of countries but not about human development, such as the Environmental Performance Index. The necessity of the HDI empowerment with environmental dimensions was a theme of discussion during the most recent Rio 20-United Nation Conference on Sustainable Development,2012 as part of Millennium Development Goals post-2015. This paper will try to focus necessity of sustainable environment, relationships between the environmental sustainability and human development and new initiatives taken by the world community for sustainable environment for human development through global summit in different conferences.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key Words: Environment, Sustainability, Human Development, HDI, MDGs, Global Summit, Conferences etc.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a critical security mechanism designed to monitor network traffic, detect malicious activities, and safeguard systems from cyber threats. Among various network attacks, Denial of Service (DoS) attacks pose a major challenge due to their ability to disrupt service availability by overwhelming network resources. This study focuses on integrating DoS attack prevention techniques with IDS to enhance overall system resilience. The IDS analyzes incoming traffic patterns, identifies anomalies, and correlates events to distinguish legitimate requests from potential DoS attacks. By employing signature-based and anomaly-based detection methods, the system can effectively recognize known attack patterns as well as previously unseen threats. Additionally, preventive mechanisms such as rate limiting, traffic filtering, and automated blocking responses help mitigate the impact of detected DoS attempts. The combined approach ensures real- time monitoring, early detection, and rapid response to malicious traffic. This integrated IDS model not only improves network security but also

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Intrusion Detection System(IDS) with DoS attack prevention

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a common and serious long-term world-wide metabolic disorder. Chemist and pharmacist have introduced treatments, but they have side effects. Researchers are looking into herbal medicines as possible alternative treatments that might not have as many side effects. Withania coagulans Dunal, also known as Rishyagandha in Ayurveda, has been used for a long time to treat Prameha, which is the traditional name for diabetes. A growing collection of preclinical and limited clinical evidence substantiates its hypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and organ-protective attributes. This review summarizes the data, looks at possible mechanisms, talks about safety and standardization issues, and points out gaps and chances for future research.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Diabetes, Paneer Phool, Withania coaguans, Albino Mice

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

pandaithamizharum kotpaadum

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

pandaithamizharum kotpaadum

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Periapical surgery has undergone a remarkable transformation from conventional, technique-oriented procedures to modern, precision-based microsurgical approaches. Conventional periapical surgery, though effective in eliminating pathology, often involved large osteotomies, limited visualization, and variable healing outcomes. The advent of Endodontic Microsurgery (EMS), driven by magnification, illumination, and microsurgical instrumentation, has redefined surgical standards with smaller osteotomies, enhanced accuracy, and improved biological healing. The introduction of technologies such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), ultrasonic retro-tips, and biocompatible materials like Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine has further advanced diagnostic precision and regenerative outcomes. Integration of digital guidance, dynamic navigation, and biologic adjuncts supports minimally invasive, predictable procedures with high success rates. This evolutionary progression reflects a paradigm shift toward biologically centered, technologically integrated, and patient-friendly surgical endodontics, enhancing both clinical efficiency and long-term prognosis.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Periapical Surgery, Microsurgery, Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Ultrasonics, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

" Nehru,Jinna Aur Gandhi Ke Drushtikon : Ek Tulnatmak Adhyan " ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????, ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???, ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???-??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????????, ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??????, ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????, ????? ???????-????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????, ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ????????????, ??????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??, ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????-??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????????, ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??????, ?????, ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

" Nehru,Jinna Aur Gandhi Ke Drushtikon : Ek Tulnatmak Adhyan "

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition