Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

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Keyword: Effectiveness, Knowledge, Video assisted teaching, Good Touch, Bad Touch, Children

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This paper investigates the impact on positivity of customer buying branded apparel and textile as an effect of online purchase. In this research data was collected through structured questionnaire from 1050 respondents from four non-metro cities of Maharashtra viz. Pune, Nagpur, Nasik and Aurangabad. The number of respondents was equally distributed as 525 males and 525females. A structure questionnaire containing 17 items were answered by respondents on Likert Scale from 1 to 5. Cronbach's alpha value was then calculated to check the reliability of collected data. For Hypothesis testing T-Test and ANOVA were used. Number of respondents from each city was selected in proportion to the population of the city. For data analysis Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and F - Test were used in the appropriate places. The data obtained was analyzed in SPSS 16.00 software. Respondents were posed with statements based on choice and variety in online buying, flexibility to buy, options of payments, online evaluation and easiness, security in online payment, possibility of return and exchange, trust, reliability, customer service and factors like free shipping. It was concluded that same factor has different impact on male and female shoppers of non-metro cities of state. These findings are expected to be used by decision-makers in retail businesses to formulate online promotional activities and create customer value following the target market to increase consumers' willingness to buy private label products.

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Consumer Behavior, non-monetary deals, monetary deals

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Grameen Sadak Avasanrachna aur Krishi Parivartan - Bihar mein Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana ka Prabhav

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Grameen Sadak Avasanrachna aur Krishi Parivartan - Bihar mein Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana ka Prabhav

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The Indian progestogen market is undergoing a significant transformation, marked by a dynamic interplay between innovator brands, the rapid emergence of generics, and evolving prescribing behavior among gynaecologists. Dydrogesterone, a synthetic progestogen traditionally dominated by Abbott's innovator brand Duphaston, has witnessed a dramatic shift in market dynamics following its patent expiry in 2021. With over 50 generic brands entering the segment within two years, the competitive landscape has broadened, creating both opportunities and challenges for stakeholders across the pharmaceutical value chain. Abbott's Duphaston, recognised for its high-quality manufacturing in the Netherlands and robust clinical backing, retained its position as a market leader with an estimated INR350 crore annual revenue in FY2023. However, the influx of cost-effective generics, produced locally by companies like Mankind, Zydus, Emcure, and others, has fueled a shift in gynaecologists' preference, particularly in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities, where affordability and accessibility are paramount. Collectively, generics have captured approximately 42% of the dydrogesterone market, with combined sales surpassing INR250 crore in just two years. This market evolution is further influenced by multiple forces. On one hand, gynecologists in urban centers continue to favor innovator brands for their superior clinical outcomes in high-risk pregnancies and infertility treatments. On the other hand, the rise in patient load, pricing sensitivity, and growing influence of field representatives are pushing many gynecologists toward adopting generics, especially in volume-driven practices. The prescribing mindset of gynecologists is now shaped not only by clinical efficacy but also by economic realities. Gynecologists are strategically balancing trust in quality with patient affordability, often incorporating both innovator and generic brands in their treatment portfolio. This dual approach reflects the broader shift from a "quality-centric" to a "value-centric" healthcare delivery model in India. Manufacturing standpoint, dydrogesterone synthesis remains complex, particularly for generics, which often lack the sophisticated stereochemical processes that define Duphaston. While this poses quality and consistency challenges for generic manufacturers, many have scaled production through aggressive pricing, wider distribution, and brand proliferation. manufacturing incentives, and brand positioning. The overall market behavior is now driven by a nexus of clinical science, commercial strategies, regulatory compliance, and behavioral economics. This review aims to map the current landscape of dydrogesterone prescription in India by analyzing sales data, gynecologist surveys, brand comparison metrics, and conceptual models. It highlights how the shift in prescriber psychology, patient demand, and pharma competition is redefining the future of progestogen therapy in gynecology.

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Dydrogesterone, Progestogen Market, Innovator vs Generic, Gynecologist Prescription Trends, Progestin Therapy, India Pharmaceutical Landscape, Market Access Strategy, Hormonal Therapy in Gynecology, Bioequivalence, Reproductive Health, Prescription Behavior, Healthcare Economics India, Brand Erosion and Generic Surge

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Abstract Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures, often accompanied by neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. Integrative approaches incorporating Ayurveda alongside conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may provide additional benefits in symptom control and quality of life. Case Presentation: We report the case of an 11-year-old male child with a history of epilepsy, presenting with abnormal gait, right-eye strabismus with impaired vision, slurred speech, irritability, poor scholastic performance, and anorexia. Based on Ayurvedic assessment, probable diagnoses included Skand?pasm?ra, Sarv??gav?ta, Kapha-?vr?ta Vy?na V?ta, and Vy?dhija Phakka. Treatment was guided by principles of Agnid?pana (metabolic stimulation), Srotoshodhana (channel purification), Balya (strength promotion), and V?ta-shamana (pacification of deranged V?ta). Internal medicines (including Kaly?naka Gh?ta, R?jany?di C?r?a, Brahm? Va?i, and Kum?r??sava) were combined with external procedures (Abhyanga, ?irodh?r?, Pratimar?a Nasya, and Jihv?-avaghar?a?a). Outcomes: Within 45 days of inpatient treatment and 3 months of follow-up, the child showed significant improvement in gait, appetite, speech clarity, and sociability. No seizures occurred during the entire treatment and follow-up period. Vision impairment persisted due to cortical damage. Conclusion: This case suggests that Ayurvedic interventions, when used as an adjunct to conventional AEDs, may support functional recovery, improve quality of life, and help in the holistic management of epilepsy. Controlled clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings.

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Epilepsy, Ayurveda, Case Report, Integrative Medicine, Pediatric Neurology

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The advancement of AI, particularly in deep learning, has enabled the creation of hyper-realistic synthetic media known as deepfakes. These altered videos replicate a person's appearance or voice with compelling accuracy, raising concerns related to misinformation, identity fraud, and digital security. This study proposes a machine-learning- based video forensics system capable of identifying manipulated facial content. The methodology combines preprocessing, frame extraction using MTCNN, spatial feature learning through CNNs, and temporal consistency evaluation. Experimental findings indicate that integrating spatial and sequential cues significantly enhances detection accuracy. Despite notable progress, the overtime evolution of deepfake generation techniques demands ongoing updates in detection systems.

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Deepfakes, Machine Learning, CNN, Video Forensics, MTCNN, Manipulated.

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Polypharmacy has become a growing concern in contemporary healthcare as increasing numbers of patients require multiple medications to manage chronic diseases and age related conditions. Although polypharmacy can provide therapeutic benefits by addressing complex clinical needs, it also raises the likelihood of drug drug interactions, which remain one of the most preventable causes of adverse health outcomes. Drug drug interactions may modify pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic responses, leading to reduced therapeutic effectiveness or increased toxicity. The risk of such interactions rises sharply in patients using five or more medications, particularly older adults who experience physiological changes that affect drug metabolism and excretion. Patients with chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disorders, cancer, psychiatric conditions or infections are especially vulnerable due to extensive and often complicated treatment regimens. Hospitalized individuals face additional challenges because of frequent medication adjustments and acute clinical instability. Although electronic prescribing systems and clinical decision support tools have improved the detection of potential interactions, inconsistencies among databases, alert fatigue and incomplete medication histories still limit effective prevention. This review examines the prevalence, mechanisms and clinical consequences of drug drug interactions in polypharmacy patients and highlights the essential role of clinical pharmacists and multidisciplinary collaboration in improving medication safety and optimizing therapeutic outcomes.

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Adverse Drug Reaction, Drug - Drug Reaction, Polypharmacy

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This study was carried out to evaluate the use of plants of different habit for the treatment of different animal diseases in Baihar area of Balaghat. Data were randomly collected from 12 different sites through well-structured questionnaires and oral interview. There was very less documentation on ethno-veterinary formulations, therefore, an assessment was conceded in a precise area of Baihar Balaghat to obtain the knowledge on ethnoveterinary medicines amongst the inhabitants of district Balaghat of Madhya Pradesh. Overall, 68 ethnic veterinary therapeutic species belonging to 58 genera and 35 families were recorded. The medicinal preparations include powder, extract, decoction, paste and among the plant parts usage of leaves was maximum. The Fabaceae family was the most prominent, represented by nine species, followed by Asteraceae, with six species. Data collection involved interactions with local informants, notably experienced elderly medicine practitioners and Vaidyas, who provided detailed insights into the medicinal plants utilized in livestock healthcare. The various ethnoveterinary plant species are effectively used for treating kind of ailments e.g. retention of placenta, diarrhoea, dysentery, galactogogue, foot and mouth diseases, skin diseases, gastrointestinal disorders. The findings underscore the importance of preserving this rich traditional knowledge and the associated plant biodiversity. Active community participation is vital for conserving these resources and ensuring their sustainable use for future generations.

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Ethnoveterinary, Tribal community, Baihar, Balaghat, Animal Health.

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To everything in life there are advantages and disadvantages; entrepreneurship is no exception. As a matter of fact, entrepreneurship involves a lot of risk taking. Yet, it can pay off very nicely as well, with rewards such as profits and the opportunity to be your own boss and make your own decision. . It was first used as a technical economic term by the 18th-century economist Richard Cantillon Entrepreneurship comes with its share of ups and downs. The most obvious advantage is the opportunity to be your own boss. Being in charge and making the important decisions regarding your business can be fulfilling, but it can also be challenging. This research paper discuss in detail of advantages and disadvantages of being an entrepreneur. Some of the advantages associated with are Control, Excitement, Flexibility, Freedom, and Rational Salary.

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Entrepreneurship, Inventiveness, Income potential, Self Fulfilment

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Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide significant health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts, primarily by modulating gut microbiota. These beneficial microbes, including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus, Saccharomyces, and Escherichia coli strains, contribute to various aspects of human health, including gastrointestinal, immune, metabolic, and neurological functions. They exert their effects through mechanisms such as antimicrobial production, immune modulation, gut barrier enhancement, and the restoration of microbial homeostasis. Probiotics have shown promise in the prevention and management of a wide range of conditions, including gastrointestinal disorders, liver diseases, respiratory issues, skin conditions, and neurological disorders. In particular, probiotics have been implicated in the modulation of the gut-liver axis, offering therapeutic potential for diseases such as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), Cirrhosis, and Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD). Additionally, emerging evidence highlights their role in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety, via the gut-brain axis. This review highlights the multifaceted actions of probiotics and their potential as a natural therapeutic strategy in improving systemic health and mitigating disease risk.

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Probiotics,gut microbiota, gut flora,beneficial bateria,metabolic health

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