Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Abstract Background of the study: Pregnancy and motherhood are very precious gifts for women by God. It is inexpressible experience that women come across during her life time. Puerperium is a period of approximately 6 weeks which commences following completion of 3rd stage of labour. Breast problems can begin immediately after childbirth or at any moment during lactation. Breast engorgement is the painful breast swelling brought on by an abrupt increase in milk volume, which makes it challenging for the baby to latch on to the mother's breast. Breast engorgement may occur if a mother's milk production rate exceeds her milk outflow rate and the mother experiences trouble to satisfy her baby's hunger. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of Hot application and Reverse pressure softening technique on breast engorgement and latching among postpartum mothers at selected hospitals of Surat district. Methods: A Pre-experimental two group pre-test post-test research design was used. A total sample of 60 Postpartum mothers were selected using a non-probability sampling technique from selected hospitals of Surat district. From which 30 in experimental group-1 and 30 in experimental group-2. The data were collected using a socio-demographic tool, 6-point breast engorgement scale and latch assessment tool. A Pre-test was conducted to assess the Breast engorgement and latching, followed by an intervention given for two times a day for 2 consecutive days. The post-test was conducted 2 days after 4th intervention to evaluate changes in breast engorgement and latching. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including mean, standard deviation, paired t-test, independent t-test and chi-square test were used to analyse the data. Result: The mean breast engorgement scores in the hot application group reduced by 1 point on both sides, while in the RPS group the mean reduction was 1.66 on the left and 1.73 on the right breast with p = 0.000. For latching, the mean score increased from 1.85 to 6.04 in the hot application group (t = 28.25, p = 0.000) and from 1.90 to 7.95 in the RPS group (t = 15.10, p = 0.000). These findings indicate that RPS was more effective in reducing engorgement, whereas hot application produced greater improvement in latching. Conclusion: The study concluded that the Reverse pressure softening technique was more effective in reducing breast engorgement and latching.

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 Keywords

Effectiveness, Hot Application, Reverse Pressure Softening Technique, Breast Engorgement, Latching, Postpartum mothers.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The increase of fake news has become a significant societal concern, largely due to the rapid expansion of online platforms and the swift dissemination of misleading information. Conventional verification methods struggle to keep up with the vast amount of content produced every second. This paper offers a thorough review of ten recent research studies focused on fake news detection through Natural Language Processing (NLP)

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 Keywords

Fake News Detection, NLP, Transformers, Deep Learning, BERT, LSTM, Machine Learning, Social Media Data

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Safety prediction and analysis is a systematic ap- proach for identifying patterns, relationships, and trends in crimes that impact women and children. The proposed system, SafetyNet, predicts and classifies areas as Safe or Unsafe based on historical crime data containing multiple features such as murder, rape, dowry deaths, and trafficking. The model analyzes district-wise and year-wise crime patterns to detect regions with a high probability of unsafe conditions. This predictive system will assist law enforcement agencies in identifying high- risk zones, improving patrol planning, and preventing crimes proactively. By applying data preprocessing, feature engineering, and the XGBoost machine learning algorithm, SafetyNet extracts meaningful insights from structured datasets and achieves high accuracy in predicting safety levels. The integration of data analytics and public safety creates a bridge between computer science and social welfare, enabling data-driven decision-making to enhance community protection and awareness.

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 Keywords

Crime Prediction, Public Safety, Machine Learning, XGBoost, Data Mining, Predictive Policing, Feature Engineering

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Hydrogels have emerged as a highly versatile platform in modern drug delivery systems, owing to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. These three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks can absorb large amounts of water while maintaining structural integrity, closely mimicking the natural extracellular environment. Their tunable composition, biocompatibility, and soft tissue-like nature make hydrogels suitable for delivering a wide range of therapeutic agents, including small molecules, proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. Hydrogels can be classified based on source, crosslinking mechanism, stimuli-responsiveness, and degradability, each category offering distinct advantages for targeted, controlled, and sustained drug release. Natural hydrogels such as alginate, chitosan, and gelatin provide biodegradability and inherent bioactivity, whereas synthetic hydrogels such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and polyethylene glycol offer reproducibility, tunable mechanical properties, and precise control over drug release kinetics. Hybrid and nanocomposite hydrogels further enhance functionality by combining natural and synthetic polymers or incorporating nanoparticles to achieve stimuli-responsive behavior and improved mechanical stability. Hydrogels find applications across multiple routes of administration, including oral, ocular, transdermal, injectable, and implantable systems, allowing for site-specific delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Despite their potential, challenges such as mechanical weakness, variable drug release, biocompatibility concerns, manufacturing complexity, and regulatory hurdles must be addressed. Advances in stimuli-responsive designs, 3D bioprinting, and computational modeling offer promising avenues for next-generation hydrogel-based drug delivery systems. Overall, hydrogels represent a powerful, adaptable, and forward-looking strategy in pharmaceutical research, with the potential to revolutionize controlled, targeted, and personalized drug therapies.

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Hydrogel, Hydrogels in drug delivery, Hydrogel : A boon to Drug Delivery System

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents a compact and efficient preloaded text-to-speech (TTS) system developed using an Arduino Uno, DFPlayer Mini audio module, and a speaker interface. The system stores pre-recorded voice messages on an SD card and plays them based on user-defined triggers, eliminating the need for real-time speech synthesis. A simple control algorithm enables the Arduino Uno to select and activate audio files with low latency and high reliability. The DFPlayer Mini provides clear audio output while minimizing circuit complexity and overall cost. Experimental testing demonstrates accurate playback, fast response time, and stable performance. The proposed design is suitable for low-cost embedded applications such as automation alerts, assistive devices, educational tools, and smart electronic products. This work highlights the practicality and scalability of using preloaded audio-based TTS solutions in resource-constrained environments.

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Arduino Uno, DFPlayer Mini, Text-to-Speech (TTS), Preloaded Audio Playback, Embedded Systems, Voice Alert System, SD Card Storage, Automation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The tourism industry is growing rapidly, but travelers often face challenges such as language barriers, unreliable information, and poor trip planning. The AI Tour Guide seeks to address these issues by providing real-time updates, personalized recommendations, and assistance in multiple languages. By using artificial intelligence, natural language processing, and GPS technology, the system helps tourists explore places in a more engaging and efficient way. It enables interactions through both voice and text and can also function offline in areas with little internet access.

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Artificial Intelligence, Chatbot, Tourism, Multilingual, Navigation, Smart Travel

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract John Keats's "Ode to a Grecian Urn" is one of the most influential works of Romantic literature, exploring the relationship between art and life, permanence and transience, and the profound silence embodied in classical sculpture. Through a close reading of the poem, this paper examines how Keats portrays the Grecian urn as a paradoxical object that simultaneously freezes beauty in time while denying the living experience it represents. The study argues that Keats uses the urn to investigate the limitations and possibilities of artistic immortality, ultimately revealing the tension between eternal beauty and the fleeting nature of human desire.

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Keywords John Keats; Grecian Urn; Romantic Poetry; Beauty; Art and Life; Permanence; Transience; Ekphrasis; Symbolism; Aesthetic Philosophy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis E Virus (HEV), and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are significant public health challenges worldwide, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Co-infection of HIV with HEV and/or HCV is common due to shared transmission modes, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria, involving 289 HIV-seropositive adults. Serum samples were tested for HEV and HCV markers using ELISA and PCR. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. The prevalence of HEV-HIV co-infection was 12.8% (37/289), HCV-HIV co-infection was 6.9% (20/289), and HIV-HEV-HCV co-infection was 9.3% (27/289). HEV infection was significantly associated with gender (p = 0.002) and age (p = 0.031). HCV infection was associated with CD4+ T cell count (p = 0.018) and HIV viral load (p = 0.022). Co-infection was associated with increased HIV viral load and decreased CD4+ T cell count. The high burden of HEV and HCV co-infections among HIV-seropositive individuals highlights the need for routine screening and treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality. Strengthening healthcare systems, increasing access to diagnosis and treatment, and promoting awareness are essential to reducing the impact of these co-infections.

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Hepatitis E Virus (HEV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), HIV co-infection, Seroprevalence, Nigeria

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstarct The usage of Gothic themes in 19th-century literature is examined in this research study, with particular attention to the foundational works of Edgar Allan Poe, Mary Shelley, and Bram Stoker. Gothic literature, which is distinguished by its use of the supernatural, the unsettling, and the investigation of the darkest aspects of human nature, was essential in the 19th-century literary scene. The purpose of the paper is to examine how Gothic themes are included and enhanced in Shelley's "Frankenstein," Stoker's "Dracula," and Poe's chosen works like "The Fall of the House of Usher" and "The Tell-Tale Heart". The analysis starts with Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein," exploring themes of loneliness, ambition, and the grotesque while emphasizing how Shelley employs scientific experimentation and the paranormal to arouse fear and moral reflection. The study then examines Bram Stoker's "Dracula," concentrating on issues of superstition, dread of the unknown, and the conflict between modernity and antiquated evil. The setting of the book and its symbolic usage of Gothic themes are examined, as is Stoker's depiction of Dracula as the archetypal Gothic villain. The depictions of lunacy, death, and decay in Edgar Allan Poe's writings are then closely examined, with an emphasis on his distinct storytelling style and psychological sensitivity. In addition to highlighting each author's unique contributions to the genre, the paper's conclusion compares the Gothic characteristics across these writers, pointing out common issues and stylistic approaches. The analysis shows that Shelley, Stoker, and Poe had a long-lasting influence on literature by both defining and extending the Gothic tradition. Their writings continue to strike a chord with readers and have an impact on modern Gothic literature, highlighting the enduring quality of Gothic themes in examining society anxieties and personal fears.

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4083

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 Abstract

This study explores the cultural determinants of emotional well-being among college students in Bhagalpur, India, focusing on how cultural values, family support, socioeconomic status, and academic stress influence emotional health. The research highlights the role of collectivist cultural norms in shaping emotional responses and coping strategies. A total of 400 students from different backgrounds participated in the study, which used surveys to assess emotional well-being across various factors, including gender, urban vs. rural background, socioeconomic status (SES), peer/family support, and academic stress. Statistical analysis, including t-tests, revealed significant differences in emotional well-being scores based on socioeconomic status, peer/family support, and academic stress, with students from higher SES backgrounds, those with stronger social support, and those experiencing less academic stress reporting better emotional well-being. Conversely, gender differences were not statistically significant, and urban students reported lower emotional well-being than their rural counterparts. The findings underscore the importance of family and community support systems, particularly in collectivist societies like India, where emotional well-being is closely linked to social harmony and family expectations. These results suggest that interventions aimed at improving student mental health should focus on enhancing support systems, reducing academic stress, and addressing the challenges faced by students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Overall, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of how cultural values and social factors impact emotional well-being in Indian college students.

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 Keywords

Emotional well-being, cultural determinants, academic stress, family support, socioeconomic status, urban-rural divide, collectivism, mental health.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition