Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Societies always seek ways to satisfy their needs in the immediate vicinity. Wherever man lives he has to adopt himself to his surroundings in order to meet the fundamental necessities therefore the first step for a regular development programme is to provide infrastructural facilities for rural development. The development of social amenities in rural area will help to improves the economic and cultural life of the people, as about 80% of the Indian population lives in rural areas. In Sociological literature "social development has been defined as the development of men in their mutual relation. In actual practice the regional development has been measured in terms of a variety of suitable criteria, it includes health, education, transport and communication, power supply etc. These indicators among others reflect the quality of functioning of a social system and efficiency of its economic welfare. The existing social amenities of the region is necessary for the fulfillment of the aims of the balanced regional development.

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 Keywords

Vicinity, Social Amenities, Sociological literature.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The credibility of carbon credit markets depends critically on accurate, transparent, and timely Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) of carbon emissions and removals [8]. Traditional MRV approaches are predominantly manual, relying on field measurements and periodic audits, which are resource-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to human error [15]. To address these limitations, this study proposes an AI-driven remote sensing framework for automated MRV, integrating multispectral satellite imagery (Sentinel-2, Landsat-9) [13], LiDAR-based canopy structure data (GEDI) [1], and optional Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) inputs [6, 14]. Deep learning models, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and encoder-decoder architectures, are employed to estimate above-ground biomass (AGB) with high spatial resolution [2, 4]. To enhance reliability, predictive uncertainty quantification (UQ) techniques, such as Monte Carlo Dropout and deep ensembles, are incorporated to provide confidence intervals for each prediction, enabling risk-aware carbon credit assessment [9]. Additionally, an active learning strategy is implemented to optimize field plot selection, prioritizing areas with high model uncertainty to reduce sampling costs while maintaining predictive accuracy [10]. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed framework improves RMSE by approximately 20-30% compared to traditional Random Forest or SVM models using optical data alone [2]. The uncertainty quantification module achieves 90% coverage of 90% confidence intervals across validation plots, while active sampling reduces the number of field plots required by 30-50%, significantly lowering operational costs [10, 15]. Furthermore, the fusion of multisensor data enhances biomass estimation in heterogeneous forest regions, particularly where optical data alone is insufficient due to cloud cover or canopy complexity [6, 14]. The proposed framework provides a scalable, cost-effective, and transparent solution for MRV in carbon credit systems, with potential applications in national carbon accounting and voluntary carbon markets [12]. By combining AI-driven remote sensing, uncertainty-aware predictions, and efficient field sampling, this approach addresses the key limitations of current MRV practices and lays the foundation for future integration with digital ledgers such as blockchain for tamper-proof verification [3, 7].

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 Keywords

MRV, Remote Sensing, Carbon Credits, Deep Learning, Active Learning, Uncertainty Quantification, Multisensor Data

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Mental health disorders among young people are a growing public-health concern globally and in India. Youth mental health is emerging as a critical public health issue worldwide, with rising prevalence of depression, anxiety, behavioural problems, and suicidality. This conceptual paper synthesizes evidence from local (India) and global contexts to map key mental health challenges faced by young people. It presents a conceptual framework that links developmental transitions, socio-cultural stressors, and systemic factors to mental-health outcomes. Drawing on a comprehensive review of literature from national surveys like India's National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) to global meta-analyses this paper identifies risk and protective factors, service gaps, and major structural barriers. The discussion highlights policy and program implications, including the need for youth-focused mental health services, preventive interventions, integration into education settings, and community-based models. Recommendations for future research and practice are offered. The conceptual framework can guide both empirical studies and interventions tailored to youth in diverse socio-cultural settings.

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Youth Mental Health, Adolescent Mental Health, Mental Health Challenges, Risk Factors

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Manju Kapur, a prominent contemporary Indian novelist, is widely recognized for her feminist narratives that explore the intricate layers of womanhood within the socio-cultural landscape of India. Kapur foregrounds the concerns of middle-class Indian women who strive to redefine their roles beyond patriarchal expectations. These texts become significant cultural documents that trace the transitions in the position of Indian women from the pre-Independence period to post-liberalization India. Kapur's fiction resonates with feminist theorists such as Shulamith Firestone, Kate Millett, and Betty Friedan, whose perspectives illuminate gendered oppression in domestic, social, and reproductive spheres. Firestone's critique of biological determinism and Millett's analysis of patriarchal conditioning find reflection in Kapur's depiction of women denied bodily autonomy, continuously pregnant, or burdened with childcare and household duties. Kapur critiques the romanticized ideals of motherhood, revealing its toll on women's bodies and identities, while simultaneously arguing for shared domestic responsibilities. Through characters like Hemant, who insists that childcare is solely a woman's role, Kapur highlights the superficiality of modernity in Indian households where women's employment is accepted but not supported.Kapur also acknowledges the role of progressive men in women's emancipation, contesting a rigid binary of male oppressor and female victim. Nevertheless, she emphasizes the continuing imbalance, where women who cross social thresholds face ostracism more severely than men.

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Feminism, Post-feminism, Patriarchy, Female identity, Domesticity, Women's empowerment,social conditioning.

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ABSTRACT:Malaria and nutritional deficiencies continue to be a major overlapping public health concerns in rural India, particularly among pregnantwomen and children under 5 years of age. These two conditions share a bidirectional and synergistic relationship that exacerbates morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations. Nutritional deficiencies- especially of iron, folate, vitamin A and zinc-compromise both innate and adaptive immune functions, therebyheighteningsusceptibility to Plasmodium infection and reducing the efficacy of antimalarial immunity. Conversely, repeated malaria infections contribute to malnutrition through hemolytic anemia, reduced nutrient absorption, appetite loss and increased metabolic demands. The present study explores the complex interlinkages between nutritional status and malaria susceptibility in rural endemic district of Hooghly, where poverty,food insecurity and limited healthcare access amplify disease risk. Employing a community based mixed-method approach, the research integrates clinical surveillance, anthropometric measurements,biochemical assays and dietary intake analysisamong pregnant women and children below five years. Preliminary findings reveal a significant correlation between iron-deficiency anemia and higher malaria parasitemia rates with undernourished children demonstrating prolonged parasite clearance and frequent relapses. Pregnant women with low micronutrient reserves exhibited increased risk of placental malaria,adverse birth outcomes, and low birth weight infants.Repeated episodes of malaria and intestinal infections disrupt gut microbiota, further worsening malnutrition by impairing digestion and nutrient absorption. These findings underscore the necessity for holistic public health interventions that address both malaria control and nutritional improvement simultaneously. Integratingnutritional supplementations, anemia control, vector management and community-based health education could substantially reduce malaria-related morbidity and enhance maternal and child survival in rural India. This review highlights the key issues and possible interventions aimed at malaria control and eradication in India's rural areas.

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Keywords-Malaria, Nutritional Deficiency, Iron-deficiency Anemia,Placental Malaria,Pregnant women, Under-five children.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The research introduces an AI-powered Resume Analyzer designed to automate and enhance the recruitment process. Using Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine Learning (ML), and semantic matching, the system extracts and structures key resume details such as skills, education, and experience. A relevance model then compares this information with job descriptions, generating match scores, identifying skill gaps, and offering improvement tips. The system significantly reduces manual screening time, ensures consistent and objective evaluations, and diminishes human bias. Experimental results confirm its effectiveness in improving candidate-job matching and supporting data-driven recruiting decisions.

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1. AI Resume Analyzer 2. Automated Resume Screening 3. Natural Language Processing (NLP) 4. Machine Learning (ML) 5. Resume Parsing 6. Resume - Job Matching 7. Skill Extraction 8. Job Description Matching

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The marine ecosystem represents one of the richest sources of bioactive natural products, many of which possess remarkable therapeutic potential against chronic human diseases. Among these, diabetes mellitus (DM)--a complex metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia--has emerged as a global health challenge requiring innovative treatment strategies. Conventional antidiabetic drugs often exhibit limitations such as side effects, drug resistance, and limited efficacy in long-term glycemic control. Consequently, the exploration of marine-derived compounds has gained significant scientific attention as an alternative or complementary therapeutic approach.Marine organisms, including sponges, algae, seaweeds, tunicates, mollusks, corals, cyanobacteria, and marine fungi, produce diverse secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, peptides, polysaccharides, sterols, and polyphenols, many of which exhibit antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. These compounds act through multiple mechanisms, including enhancement of insulin secretion, inhibition of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes (?-amylase and ?-glucosidase), modulation of glucose uptake, and protection of pancreatic ?-cells against oxidative stress.Recent pharmacological and molecular studies have identified several marine bioactives--such as fucoidan, phlorotannins, bromophenols, and marine peptides--with significant potential for development into new classes of antidiabetic agents. Furthermore, advances in biotechnological extraction, purification, and molecular docking techniques have accelerated the discovery of novel marine-based compounds targeting key enzymes like DPP-IV, PTP1B, and ?-glucosidase.This review provides a comprehensive overview of marine pharmacognosy, summarizing the chemical nature, pharmacological mechanisms, and therapeutic implications of marine-derived antidiabetic drugs. It also highlights recent advances, challenges, and future prospects in harnessing marine biodiversity for sustainable diabetes management and drug discovery.

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Marine drugs; Diabetes mellitus; Marine pharmacognosy; Antidiabetic activity; Marine algae; Seaweed bioactives; Fucoidan; Phlorotannins; ?-glucosidase inhibitors; Insulin secretion; Marine peptides; Natural product drug discovery.

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ABSTRACT Guava leaves have been found to possess various physiological molecules, including flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, triterpenoids, coumarins, alkaloids, and tannins, which exhibit antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects [1]. The study aimed to evaluate the potential of concentrated Psidium guajava leaf extract as a functional natural material. The results showed that the extract exhibited antioxidative, antibacterial, tyrosinase activity inhibition, and collagenase activity inhibition effects, as well as trans-2-nonenal removal ability. The extract's antioxidative activity was found to increase with the concentration of ethanol used for extraction. Additionally, the extract's antibacterial activity was confirmed against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The study suggests that concentrated Psidium guajava leaf extract has high potential as a food and natural cosmetic material, particularly in terms of its whitening and wrinkle-improving functionality [1].

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Antioxidant, Antiinflammtory,Antibacterial , Tannins,

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This study has been undertaken to investigate the determinants of stock returns in Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) using two assets pricing models the classical Capital Asset Pricing Model and Arbitrage Pricing Theory model. To test the CAPM market return is used and macroeconomic variables are used to test the APT. The macroeconomic variables include inflation, oil prices, interest rate and exchange rate. For the very purpose monthly time series data has been arranged from Jan 2010 to Dec 2014. The analytical framework contains.

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Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Certificate Verification, OCR, Smart Contracts, IPFS, Document Forensics

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Orthodontics, traditionally focused on aligning teeth and correcting malocclusions for aesthetic and functional purposes, has increasingly been recognized for its broader impact on overall health. Malocclusion and misaligned teeth not only compromise oral hygiene but also contribute to periodontal disease, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and systemic inflammation, which are linked to cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory disorders. Orthodontic interventions improve oral hygiene, masticatory efficiency, airway function, and jaw alignment, while also enhancing psychosocial well-being, self-esteem, and quality of life. In adults and older populations, orthodontics preserves dentofacial structure, prevents tooth wear, and maintains functional efficiency. Emerging technologies such as digital orthodontics, AI-driven predictive models, and personalized treatment strategies integrating genetic, microbiomic, and lifestyle data further enhance preventive, precise, and patient-centered care. This review emphasizes that orthodontics transcends cosmetic improvement, serving as a pivotal component of holistic oral and systemic health, with significant functional, psychological, and preventive benefits.

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Orthodontics, Malocclusion, Oral-Systemic Health, Quality of Life, Digital Orthodontics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition