Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

This theoretical study explores the complex interplay of mechanical, electrical, and quantum phenomena in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) based on radio frequency (RF) driven suspended carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the presence of external magnetic fields. The report delves into the fundamental properties of CNTs that make them ideal NEMS components, the mechanisms by which RF signals induce and detect mechanical resonance, and the profound theoretical implications of an external magnetic field on the system's dynamics. Specifically, it discusses how the Lorentz force influences electronic transport, leading to magnetic damping, alterations in the quality factor, and renormalization of resonance frequencies. The study also highlights the role of magnetic fields in suppressing self-excitation phenomena and the emergence of quantum effects, such as single-electron tunneling and electron-vibron coupling. This comprehensive qualitative analysis provides crucial insights into the design and optimization of advanced NEMS for sensing, computation, and quantum technologies.

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Theoretical Study of Radio Frequency Driven Suspended Carbon Nanotube Nanoelectromechanical Systems in the Presence of External Magnetic Fields

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Strongly correlated electron systems, exemplified by Mott insulators and high-temperature superconductors, are fundamentally governed by the Hubbard Hamiltonian. However, the minimal single-band formulation often proves insufficient to capture the complexity of emergent low-energy phases. Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) has emerged as the premier experimental technique, providing momentum-resolved information on intertwined charge, spin, orbital, and lattice excitations simultaneously. Theoretical modeling of the RIXS spectra, particularly through sophisticated many-body techniques like the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) coupled with an explicit treatment of the core-hole potential, has become an indispensable tool for quantitative refinement of the foundational Hamiltonian. This report details the theoretical advancements necessary to accurately simulate the RIXS response, focusing on the critical role of the intermediate-state core hole dynamics. Furthermore, analysis of RIXS data reveals crucial limitations of the simple Hubbard model, compelling the inclusion of additional, symmetry-specific interactions--such as strong nearest-neighbor attractive pairing in cuprate ladders and sizable Hund's coupling in infinite-layer nickelates--thereby defining the path toward a universally predictive, yet systematically augmented, Hamiltonian for quantum materials.

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Strongly Correlated Systems, Hubbard Model, Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS), Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG), Core-Hole Dynamics, Quantum Materials, Cuprate Superconductors.

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Dr. KUMARI RENUKA SRIVASTVA Assistant teacher P. S. Pokharbhinda, Jalalpur, Chapra (Bihar) The present work is done in the two blocks (Manjhi, and Rivilganj) of floodplain area of Chapra, Bihar. In this study various types of microfauna were found. In floodplain, soil microfauna's can be left an effective impact on human nutrition. Microfauna's are major factor in soil structure that can maintain the effectiveness of agriculture. So soil microfauna are treated as a key factor for the agriculture, ecosystem, soil fertility as well as crop productivity. In this study various types of soil microfauna like Nematodes (Aphelenchoides besseyi, A. ritzemabosi, and A. arachidis), Arthropods (bugs, millipedes, centipedes, mites and ticks), fungi and algae were found. Some of them are very beneficial to the soil for maintaining fertility. More fungi like mycorrhizosphere (Arbuscular mycorrhiza) were found Rivilganj than Manjhi. This paper examines how these micro faunal communities indirectly influence human nutrition by affecting soil fertility, crop quality, micronutrient density and agricultural sustainability.

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Keywords: - Microfauna, soil, floodplain, fertility Agriculture.

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Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has demonstrated significant progress in natural language understanding, content creation, and automated decision-making. However, hallucinations--incorrect or fabricated outputs produced by AI models--remain a major limitation in mission-critical applications such as healthcare, legal services, and scientific research. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrates external knowledge retrieval with generative models to improve factual accuracy and reliability. This research paper presents an extended analysis of RAG architecture, retrieval mechanisms, embedding models, vector databases, ranking algorithms, evaluation metrics, experimental results, and practical applications. Experimental findings indicate that RAG reduces hallucinations by nearly 60% and significantly enhances output trustworthiness in domain-specific tasks. The study also discusses current limitations and outlines potential future advancements, including multimodal retrieval and real-time integration. RAG represents a powerful approach for building dependable and explainable AI systems across multiple industries.

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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Generative AI Large Language Models (LLMs) AI Hallucinations Dense Retrieval Vector Databases Embedding Models Ranking Algorithms NLP Accuracy Knowledge Grounding

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The gig workforce has emerged as a critical lever for the strategic objectives of e-commerce companies seeking pioneering pathways to agility, cost-effectiveness, and innovation. Driven by digital platforms and shifting labor paradigms, gig workers empower organizations to pivot with speed in response to fluctuating market demands and technological advancements. This research explores strategic models of gig worker engagement in e-commerce, examining how approaches like gamification, digital leadership, and purposeful governance influence organizational performance and staff well-being. A comprehensive synthesis of contemporary literature and global case studies, including notable practices in the Indian market, reveals that a thoughtfully structured integration of gig workforce can yield measurable benefits: heightened innovation, scalability of operations, and responsiveness to markets. Simultaneously, the study flags ongoing risks-algorithmic opacity, regulatory gaps, and socioeconomic precariousness-and argues that platform-mediated labor arrangements must evolve beyond transactional frameworks toward long-term value creation and equitable practices. The proposed GIG-EDGE framework-encompassing governance, integration, growth, engagement, data optimization, global scalability, and ethics-provides a roadmap for e-commerce leaders on how to optimize the contributions of gig workers while mitigating systemic vulnerabilities. Findings make it clear that integration of gig labour into core business strategy is no longer optional but a sine qua non for sustaining competitive advantage in the digital era. The paper puts forward evidence-informed recommendations for leaders and policymakers, underlining inclusive governance, skill development, and ethical standards as pillars of a sustainable future for gig-enabled e-commerce.

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Gig economy, gig workers, e-commerce, organizational performance, cost effectiveness, competitive advantage, algorithmic management, workforce flexibility, digital transformation

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Through the international division of labor and the global market, which currently dominates national markets, globalization entails the formation of a world economy that is not only the sum of its national economies but rather a strong independent reality. Handloom is a conventional product. Handloom marketing and distribution systems are likewise of the traditional kind. India's principal handloom states include West Bengal, Assam, Tamilnadu, Uttar Pradesh, Andra Pradesh, and Manipur. Among them, Assam is the leading manufacturer of handloom goods in India, including Muga, Paat, and Eri. Millions of rural weavers and craftspeople in Assam rely on the handloom industry for their livelihood. However, the Indian handloom sector faced new opportunities and difficulties as a result of the lifting of the import quota restriction for textile goods, which increased competition in recent years. In the present study an attempt has been made to analyze the opportunities and major challenges faced by the handloom industry of Assam due to globalization on the basis of secondary information.

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Assam, Economic Impact, Globalization, Handloom Industry, Product Development.

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Sustainable lifestyles represent patterns of behaviour and consumption that support human well-being while minimising ecological impact and preserving resources for future generations. Among India's diverse tribal populations, the Soliga tribe of the Kathirimalai hills presents a compelling case of lifestyle shaped by ecological harmony, cultural heritage, and gradual socio-economic transition. Historically dependent on forest-based livelihoods and guided by indigenous knowledge systems, the Soligas have practiced environment-friendly ways of living. However, processes of globalisation, technological penetration, state-led development programmes, and forest conservation policies have significantly altered their socio-cultural and economic environment. The present study explores the shifting lifestyle patterns of the Soliga community with a focus on their social structure, cultural practices, economic activities, and factors driving change. Drawing on descriptive research and case studies, the findings reveal that while government schemes and NGO interventions have improved access to housing, education, welfare benefits, and political participation, persistent challenges remain. Limited digital access, low awareness of modern agricultural technologies, vulnerability to displacement, and restricted livelihood opportunities due to forest regulations continue to affect their well-being. The case studies further demonstrate internal variations among households based on land ownership, education, and technological exposure. Despite these challenges, the Soligas exhibit resilience and a willingness to adapt, highlighting the importance of culturally sensitive development strategies. The study concludes that sustainable tribal development must integrate traditional ecological knowledge with equitable policy measures, ensuring that modernization does not compromise cultural identity or ecological balance. This research adds to the understanding of how tribal lifestyles evolve in response to socio-economic pressures while retaining their indigenous values.

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Sustainable lifestyles, Soliga tribe, socio-economic transition, tribal culture, globalization, digital divide, indigenous knowledge and Kathirimalai hills.

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This comprehensive research paper examines the transformative impact of India's Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016, on corporate governance frameworks and institutional practices. The IBC represents a paradigmatic shift from a historical debtor-centric regime to a creditor-controlled insolvency resolution paradigm, fundamentally altering the incentive structures and behavioral patterns of Indian corporations. This study traces the evolution of corporate insolvency law in India against the backdrop of systemic inadequacies--including protracted resolution timelines, minimal creditor recovery rates, and entrenched debtor-in-possession governance models--that necessitated comprehensive legal reform. Through rigorous analysis of the IBC's constitutional architecture, operational mechanisms, statutory safeguards, and adjudicatory frameworks, this paper demonstrates how the Code has functioned as a potent instrument of corporate governance transformation. The research incorporates analysis of landmark case law including Essar Steel India Limited and Bhushan Steel Limited, qualitative stakeholder insights, and empirical evidence of improved recovery metrics. The paper addresses persistent institutional challenges, including tribunal capacity constraints and operational creditor treatment disparities, while proposing targeted reforms to enhance effectiveness. The conclusion establishes that the IBC, operating within India's broader legal and constitutional ecosystem, represents an enduring catalyst for financial discipline, managerial accountability, and stakeholder transparency, thereby strengthening India's position as an attractive and credible investment destination.

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Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (2016), Corporate governance, Creditor-in-control paradigm, Corporate insolvency, Asset value maximization, Indian financial system, Stakeholder protection,

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?????????-??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????????? ???? ?? ??????? '????? ??' (1943), ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??, ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? 1942 ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????????, ???????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????, ????-??????, ?????? ????, ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????, ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????, ??????????? ?????, ?????, ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????-???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??????????-??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??, ????? ??????, ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ?? '????? ??' ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????--????????, ???????, ?????????? ?? ??????--?? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????????-????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????????? ????? ???

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????????? ?????, ?????????? ???????, ????? ??, ????????????? ????, ???? ????? ??????, ??????????? ??????, ????????, ????????, ????-??????, ????? ??????, ??????????-???????, ??????? ?? ??????, ?????? ????, ??????? ???????, ??????????? ???????, ???????-??????

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Background: Physalis minima Linn. Which belongs to Solanaceae family is a very common drug seen all over India. It grows as a weed in wastelands and is seen growing along the roadsides. It is traditionally used as a medicine in various diseases for its diuretic, purgative, analgesic, anti-helminthic properties. Previous researches have already proved that it has Antioxidant action, Free radical scavenging action, Diuretic action, hypoglycemic action, Anti-cancer action, Anti-inflammatory action and Anti-ulcer action. Aim: To determine the authenticity of the plant using Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical analysis. Methods: Microscopic studies, Macroscopic study, powder analysis (organoleptic and powder microscopy), physicochemical properties, phytochemical analysis TLC and HPLC analysis of fine powder of whole plant was done. Results and Conclusion: Microscopy of root, stem and leaves showed all typical features of the species Physalis. The phytochemical study showed the highest extractive value with water extract. Results indicate presence of Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Saponins, glycosides, Steroids and Tannins in various extracts.

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Physalis minima, Standardization, Pharmacognostical, Physicochemical, Phytochemical.

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