Volume 12 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug, in this review article we reviewed about the detail about history , chemical formula , pharmacology, pharmacokinetic , clinical trial , uses , toxicology ,adverse effect , contraindication , dosage of phenytoin. It is use as anti seizure drug having narrow therapeutic index. Their is need therapeutic drug monitoring in case of phenytoin , so study of clinical toxicology , pharmacology of phenytoin is more important. In this article we added information regarding history and clinical trial of phenytoin. Phenytoin is most effective drug in case of epilepsy so our main focus on detail study of phenytoin .

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 Keywords

Antiepileptic drug, Anti seizure, Pharmacokinetic, TDM, Phenytoin.

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Agrochemicals are a necessary component of contemporary farming practices. The goal of the study was to find out how farming practices would change if agrochemicals were used too much. During November 2022, a structured questionnaire and an in-person interview were used to collect data from 150 randomly selected farmers in the Patna sadar area of the Patna district in India. The selected socioeconomic characteristics of the participants were selected as explanatory variables, while the focus variable was the perceived effect of excessive agrochemical use. A 4-point rating scale was used to rank the effect of using too many agrochemicals, and the perceived effect index was used to rank the independent variables. The appropriate scoring methods and scales were used to measure the independent variables. The results showed that the majority of respondents (48.7%) perceived excessive use of agrochemicals to have high positive effects on farming practices, while a significant portion (59.3%) perceived medium negative effects.

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 Keywords

Agrochemicals, India, Effects Excessive use, Farming practices

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The fourth most common illness among women worldwide is cervical cancer, continuous to be a serious global health problem. An ongoing infection with high risk HPV genotype, especially HPV-16, and HPV-18, is the main cause of it. Cervical cancer has been shown to be less common be early screening and immunization program; the world health organization has published a strategic plan to end Cervical cancer worldwide by 2030. This cover high performance screening HPV vaccination, and promote treatment of precancerous lesion. A multidisciplinary approach is being used to treat Cervical cancer, and treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, Chemotherapy and newly developed targeted immunotherapy therapies. Modern screening methods, such HPV DNA testing, have more sensitivity than conventional cytology and can identify high grade lesions early. Treatment plan that are customized based on patient characteristics like fertility preservation and the disease stage of cervical cancer are guided by the staging and categorization for the illness , mostly as per the FIGO and TNM system. Depending on the level of invasion and reproductive concern, surgical treatment for early-stage illness vary from cone biopsies to more drastic operation including trachelectomy and hysterectomy. In resource rich areas, chemotherapy is still the standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer; however, for advanced or metastatic illness, immunotherapy and other palliative measures show promise. Moreover, increasing studies in molecular therapeutic, offer adoptive T cell treatment and the administration of checkpoint inhibiting drugs, are opening new possibilities in cervical cancer treatment. Cervical cancer management remains challenging despite these developments due to inequality in access to healthcare, especially in low resource settings. Resources appropriate strategies including self sampling HPV testing, visual inspection method, and inexpensive therapies likes cryotherapy are being used to close this disparity. In order to enhance outcome for women worldwide, this study examines the full management of cervical cancer, emphasizing existing medicines, preventive measures, and the future direction of individualized treatment.

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 Keywords

: cervical cancer, genotype, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, molecular therapeutic

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 Abstract

The present communication enlists 11 species among 6 genera of aquatic phycomycetes viz., Blyttiomyces spinulosus, Myzocytium proliferum, Olpidiopsis saprolegniae var. indica, Olpidiopsis pythii, Olpidiopsis luxurians, Olpidiopsis aphanomycis, Olpidium sp., Rhizophydium corpophilium and Rozella allomycis, belonging to orders Chytridiales and Lagenidiales. All the species were parasitic on various fungal or algal forms.

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Parasitic, Aquatic Phycomycetes, Bareilly

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This research explores the design and development of women's wear collection for upcoming season (Spring/Summer 2025).This theme is influenced by blend of human connection and nature. The collection aims to offer minimalistic design and conscious approach for a way of dressing. It explores flowy silhouettes, casual fit and plain textures through symmetrical cuts to create a wardrobe that is sophisticated and effortlessly chic.

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 Keywords

Human connection, minimalistic, flowy silhouette, style, wardrobe.

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A Non-experimental quantitative cross-sectional descriptive survey design was adopted in the present study. The population consists of staff nurses working in the selected private Hospitals at Jodhpur. A sample size of 75 staff nurses were selected by using purposive sampling technique. A structured knowledge/ awareness questionnaire, attitude scale and structured expressed practice questionnaire was used for data collection. The main findings of study show that 64%, 86.66% and 49.33% of staff nurses had moderately adequate level of awareness, moderately favourable level of attitude and moderately adequate level of expressed practices regarding medicolegal responsibilities in patient care respectively. There is a significant moderate positive correlation between awareness and attitude (r=0.41, p=0.001) and attitude and expressed practices (r=0.63, p=0.001) and awareness and expressed practices (r=0.51, p=0.001) regarding medico-legal responsibilities in patient care among staff nurses. The majority of socio-demographic variables were found not significant association except age and clinical experience in years with the level of awareness, qualification, area of working and exposure with legal issues with the level of attitude and age, qualification, clinical experience in years and job satisfaction with the level of expressed practices found significant association regarding medicolegal responsibilities in patient care among staff nurses respectively. The findings of the study have implication for nursing practices, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research. Identification and management of medicolegal issues in patient care is a very important aspect of providing highest quality patient care in hospital settings. The nurses play a major role in providing patient care to avoid medicolegal issues. It is concluded that nurses lack in awareness, need to have favourable attitude and adequate expressed practices regarding medico-legal responsibilities in patient care to provide quality care. Nurse administrator should conduct an Inservice programmes to improve staff nurses' level of awareness, attitude and expressed practices to avoid legal issues in patient care.

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 Keywords

Awareness/ Knowledge, Attitude, Expressed Practices, Staff Nurses, Medico-legal Responsibilities, Patient Care

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Wrightia tinctoria, an important traditional medicinal plant is exploited for treating several diseases. The present study intends to reveal the presence of phytochemicals and test some biological activities of Wrightia tinctoria leaf extracts. The methodology includes identification and collection of Wrightia tinctoria leaves, preparation of leaf powder, isolation by Soxhlet extraction method, preliminary phytochemical screening and determination of antibacterial, anti-diabatic and anti-inflammatory activities on leaf extract. Results revealed the presence of more active metabolites in the ethanol plant extract of Wrightia tinctoria leaves which may be the reason for the promising antibacterial potential against the bacterial strains. Its constituents are of utmost interest to pharmaceutical industries owing to their many actions and biological activities.

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Wrightia tinctoria Soxhlet extraction Phytochemical screening Antibacterial activity

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The protection of LGBTQ rights in India is a pressing concern that has garnered significant attention in recent years. This analysis delves into the existing legal framework in India, exploring the evolution of laws and judicial interpretations that have shaped the rights of the LGBTQ community. The paper examines the constitutional provisions, legislation, and landmark court judgments, including the repeal of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, to assess the progress made and the challenges that persist. An examination of the gaps and inadequacies in the current framework is also undertaken to highlight the need for further reform and advocacy to ensure comprehensive protection of LGBTQ rights in India.

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LGBTQ rights, Indian legal framework, Constitutional provisions, Section 377, Judicial interpretations, Human rights, Social inclusion, Equality and non-discrimination

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To transform India into a knowledge-driven economy and empower society through technology, Digital India is the government of India's flagship initiative by the Prime Minister of India on July 1, 2015, and currently, in the 9th year of its journey. Digital India is a revolutionary digital platform to modernize and empower PRIs through effective and transparent governance services. It offers an extensive range of digital tools and services that simplify the functioning of rural governance, allowing it to provide accountability and inclusive political participation of the citizens at the grassroots level. It narrows the urban-rural gap by introducing the digital era and empowering rural communities. With the advent of Digital India, the new phase evolved in terms of inclusive development and citizen-focused governance. This article highlights the principles and goals of Digital India and how it revolutionizes Panchayati Raj Institutions with the socioeconomic approach at the local level of governance.

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Panchayati Raj Institutions, Digital India, Governance, urban-rural gap, rural empowerment, political participation, ICT.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Education system is getting revised in a progressive manner and it is at this point of time the new educational approach of integrating KWHLAQ strategy to Problem Based Learning has its importance. Problem Based Learning can be regarded as a powerful concept for active learning in education, but is left with no structure to implement if a proper strategy is not aligned with PBL. This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of KWHLAQ strategy if integrated with ProblemBased Learning (PBL) as an innovative approach to meet the PBL principles in a well-structured, organized and guided manner. The KWHLAQ strategy provides a framework that aligns with the core principles of PBL, in in which the learners actively involve in finding solution for ill structured problems related to real-world contexts provided in PBL scenario. The explanation on synergies between PBL and the KWHLAQ strategy, demonstrating how the latter can enhance problem-solving give a deeper insight of why this approach is significant.

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 Keywords

KWHLAQ, problem-based learning, integration of KWHLAQ with PBL

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition