Volume 12 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

Microalgae are emerging as one of highly promising and sustainable source for biodiesel production, thanks to their exceptional growth rates and lipid yields throughout the year. They present a viable alternative to traditional biofuel feedstocks, offering economic and environmental benefits. Their cultivation leverages waste streams and requires minimal land and water, thus avoiding competition with food crops and preventing deforestation. However, the commercial viability of microalgae biodiesel faces challenges such as low biomass concentration and high downstream processing costs. To overcome such obstacles, the necessity of advancing in photobioreactors, innovating low-cost biomass harvest and oil extraction methods, and genetic engineering to enhance fatty acid synthesis while reducing ?-oxidation. Additionally, exploring algal-bacterial interactions can further boost microalgal growth and lipid accumulation. By addressing these challenges, this means that microalgae will be able to make significant contributions towards the global energy demand with a low environmental impact and hence play a key role in the transition to renewable energy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Algae Cultivation Systems, Biodiesel Production, Lipid Extraction, Microalgae Biofuel, Microalgae Biomass Anaerobic digestion, Photobioreactors.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present research work titled "Pharmaceutico-Analytical & Antifungal Study of Durvadi Lepa & Its Cream" aims to investigate the pharmaceutical, analytical, and antifungal properties of two traditional Ayurvedic formulations: Durvadi Lepa Churna and Durvadi Cream. These formulations, derived from classical Ayurvedic texts, were analyzed using modern techniques, including High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), and tested for their antifungal efficacy against 'Trichophyton rubrum' and 'Microsporum canis' two fungal pathogens responsible for dermatophytosis. The pharmaceutical study involved standardizing preparation methods to ensure consistency in quality. The HPTLC analysis provided a detailed chemical profile of the formulations, identifying bioactive compounds responsible for antifungal and therapeutic effects. Results showed that Durvadi Lepa Churna exhibited stronger antifungal activity, whereas Durvadi Cream, though less potent, was more user-friendly for daily application. Both formulations have potential applications in treating skin disorders, particularly fungal infections, with Durvadi Cream offering a convenient alternative to conventional antifungal treatments due to its ease of use and patient compliance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Durvadi Lepa, Durvadi Cream, HPTLC, Antifungal Activity, Ayurvedic Formulations.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Wound is a type of physical trauma whereby the integrity of skin or any living tissue is compromised. It may be produced by physical, thermal, chemical, microbial, or immunological damage to the living tissue(1). Also wound (Vrana) is an injury or trauma to the body (i.e. due to violence, accident, or surgery) that typically include abrasion to superficial skin and damage to underlying tissues(2). Healing is protective mechanism of our body. Healing of wounds is one of the important areas of surgery explained in many Ayurvedic texts and even in modern text books. In Ayurveda and in modern science the healing of wound is the central focus of surgery. Ayurveda is a science where there are so many formulations available to treat wound without any complication(3). The Indian traditional system of medicine, i.e. Ayurveda based on empirical knowledge of experiences and observations over millennia. Aacharya Sushruta has given the first preference to ''Wound, i.e. Vrana and its management ''. Acharya Sushruta has given 60 measures for management of vrana in samhita(3). Kalka and ghruta application is one of them(4). On comprehensive review of Ayurvedic classics, Yava kalka with Ghruta was found to be one of the drugs having wound healing properties(5). Here we can correlate acute wound with Sadyovrana And the prevalence rate of Sadyovrana (Acute wound) is 10.5 per 1000 population in india(6). In this paper the importance, the mode of application and their probable mechanism of Yava Kalka with Ghruta lepa or application on Sadyovrana has been explained.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

yava kalka, ghruta, sadyovrana, wound healing

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid adoption of digital technologies in emerging economies reshapes business models across industries, driving efficiency, innovation, and inclusivity. Digitalization allows businesses to access new markets, improve operational processes, and deliver better customer experiences. However, this transformation also presents challenges such as infrastructural limitations, cybersecurity threats, and regulatory issues. This research paper explores the key drivers, opportunities, challenges, and industry-specific impacts of digitalization on business models in emerging economies, highlighting case studies from countries like China, India, Kenya, and Brazil.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digitalization, Emerging Economies, Business Models, FinTech, E-commerce, Digital Infrastructure

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The combination of in-person and online methods fosters better communication and collaboration, allowing for more personalized feedback and support. Blended Learning offers flexible schedules, allowing students to learn at their own pace and fit studies into their busy lives. Research shows that blended learning can lead to better academic performance, as it accommodates diverse learning styles and promotes deeper understanding. Institutions that implement effective BL programs often gain recognition for innovation and adaptability, attracting more students. The online component encourages ongoing learning beyond the classroom, fostering a culture of lifelong education. Blended learning can incorporate real-world applications and projects, providing students with hands-on experiences that reinforce theoretical concepts. The traditional way of teaching and learning typically involves a structured classroom environment where an instructor delivers content directly to students. This method often follows a set curriculum, with the teacher as the primary source of knowledge. Innovative learning processes encompass a variety of teaching and learning strategies that emphasize creativity, collaboration, and engagement.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Higher education, online teaching, Technology in Education, Blended Learning

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Oral mucositis is a common and painful complication of chemotherapy, characterized by ulcers, inflammation, and an increased risk of infection, significantly affecting patient outcomes. This study aimed to assess the severity of oral mucositis in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, evaluate the effectiveness of topical honey in managing this condition, and examine the association between post-intervention scores and selected variables in both experimental and control groups. A true experimental pre-test post-test control group design was employed, with sixty cancer patients randomly assigned to either the experimental group (honey intervention) or the control group (no intervention). The severity of oral mucositis was assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) scale, with weekly post-tests conducted over four weeks. Chi-square analysis indicated no significant differences in demographic and clinical variables between groups. The experimental group's mean pre-test mucositis score was 62.60(SD=13.0), significantly reducing to 18.40(SD=7.1) post-test, while the control group's score increased from 57.33 (SD=15.22) to 77.93 (SD=11.2). A paired t-test revealed a highly significant reduction in mucositis severity in the experimental group (t=6.81, p<0.01), with a calculated t-value of 6.81 exceeding the critical value of 2.04, indicating a statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level. The findings demonstrate that topical application of honey is an effective, cost-effective, and accessible treatment for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis among cancer patients.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Oral mucositis, Chemotherapy, honey application

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A 28yrs old male patient, came to SGAK hospital OPD with complaints of bleeding per rectum during defecation since 2 months. The case was diagnosed as Rakatarsha (2nd degree internal hemorrhoid) caused due to vitiation of Pitta and Rakta. Patient had no other significant medical, surgical comorbidity and was vitally stable. FGHAL was performed in this case under SA. The pile mass and per rectal bleeding reduced in 7 days. The patient was relieved from all the symptoms in 15 days. No major complains were received after the procedure. Proctoscopic examination was done every week for 2 weeks which did not reveal any complications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Haemorrhoid ,Bleeding, FGHAL,Ayurved ,haemorrhoidectomy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Drug diversion refers to the misappropriation of prescription medications for illicit use, which poses significant challenges to public health and safety. This issue arises when legally prescribed drugs are diverted from their intended medical purpose, often leading to misuse, addiction, and criminal activities. Factors contributing to drug diversion include inadequate monitoring systems, prescription fraud, and the increasing availability of medications. Addressing this problem requires a multifaceted approach involving enhanced regulatory frameworks, improved education for healthcare providers and patients, and the implementation of robust tracking systems. Effective interventions can mitigate the risks associated with drug diversion, ensuring that medications are used safely and appropriately.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

1. Prescription fraud: illegally obtaining prescriptions through deceitful means. 2. Misuse: using medication for purposes other than prescribed. 3. Illegal distribution: selling or giving away prescription drugs without authorization. 4. Addiction: dependence on prescription medications, leading to misuse or diversion. 5. Monitoring programs: systems in place to track prescriptions and prevent diversion. 6. Regulatory compliance: adhering to laws and regulations surrounding prescription medicat

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Gossip is a prevalent issue in educational settings, affecting both educators and students. This paper explores the multifaceted impacts of gossip, focusing on its psychological, social, and academic consequences. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews with educators and students, we identify key themes such as trust erosion, increased stress levels, and the reinforcement of negative stereotypes. Our findings indicate that gossip can deteriorate the educational atmosphere by fostering a culture of mistrust and anxiety, which adversely affects teaching effectiveness and student engagement. Additionally, we explore strategies to mitigate the negative effects of gossip, emphasizing the importance of cultivating a positive college culture and encouraging open communication. This research highlights the necessity for educational institutions to proactively address gossip to enhance the overall well-being and productivity of both educators and students.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gossip, Educators,Students,Psychological Impact, Social Dynamics, Academic Performance, Trust Erosion, Stress and Anxiety,Self-esteem.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The watermark must be both invisible and long-lasting. The ability to properly restore a watermark from recovered relevant content--which may also include a range of noises and compression effects--explains how robust a watermark is. Since digital data is added to a digital signal, the process of digitally watermarking an image is incredibly accurate. Watermarking is the technique of adding records into digital media, including text, still photos, videos, and audio statistics, without lowering the quality of the digital media as a whole. Another name for watermarking is digital fingerprinting. This technique is less energy-intensive and aids in preventing unauthorized statistics copying from multimedia networks. Watermarking has numerous applications, two of which are copyright protection and authentication. An overview of the many theories and research efforts being carried out on the topic of image watermark authentication is given in this paper. The patchwork signal as well as the watermarked sign. The host signal is the transmission that will have the watermark added to it. When employing a watermarking device, there are three steps involved: detection, attack, and embeddedness. A set of rules must first evaluate the host computer and the data that will be on it in order to generate a watermarked signal. Embedding records--also referred to as digital signatures or watermarks--into a digital signature in a way that makes it challenging for the records to be deleted is the process of digital watermarking. Another name for this process is digital watermarking. Virtual watermarks can be used to confirm the authenticity or integrity of a service signal and can also be used to uncover the owners' identity.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Image Watermarking, DCT, DWT, LSB, PSNR, MSE, etc.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition