Volume 12 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Herbs are more effective because they are safer and have fewer side effects than synthetic drugs. The current study involves the development and evaluation of medicinal antiacne herbs containing th e hydroalcoholic extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica). And extract of aloe vera gel from aloe vera leaves. Information shows that this herb has good antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of our research is to create herbal nanogels and soaps with antibacterial properties. Herbal soaps were prepared and evaluated in terms of pH, moisture content, foaming index, foam retention time and s aponification analysis. Herbal gels were prepared and evaluated in terms of pH, spreadability, extrudability, viscosity and homogeneity. Prepare herbal gel containing neem leaf hydroalcoholic extract and aloe vera extract is a good try.

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 Keywords

Acne, anti-inflammatory, herbals, aloe vera, neem

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Nursing is one of the challenging professions in the health sector. Nurses are always at risk for developing many occupational health problems because of physically demanding nature of work i.e.,working in the same positions for longer periods , lifting or transferring dependent patients and caring for high number of patients. Amongst those, work related musculoskeletal problem i.e., low back pain (LBP) is very common. This study was hence conducted to assess the prevalence of low back pain among the nurses working in Amar Hospital District, Patiala, Punjab. Detailed sociodemographic data which included age , gender ,weight ,present area of work, shifts, wearing heels, marital status, and family history of low back pain. In addition to these, data collected from the semi structured questionnaires are also taken into account. From the finding, present study showed that , Low back pain was present in 39 (65%) of staff nurses. There was no significant association of quality of life of staff nurses having low back pain with selected sociodemographic variables i.e. age (in years), weight (in kg), gender, marital status, family history of low back pain, present area of work, total work experience (in years), mostly on which shift. There was significant association of wearing heels with low back pain at p>0.05. study shows that low back pain is prevalent in nurses of all age group, specially among adults. It revealed that there was no significant association of quality of life of staff nurses having low back pain with selected sociodemographic variables i.e. age (in years), weight (in kg), gender, marital status, family history of low back pain, present area of work, total work experience (in years), mostly on which shift. There was significant association of wearing heels with low back pain at p>0,05.

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 Keywords

Low back pain, Prevalence, Staff nurses.

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 Abstract

Tribal education plays a vital role in the advancement and empowerment of indigenous communities. However, it encounters numerous obstacles, including poor infrastructure, limited access, inadequate quality, lack of relevance, and inequity. These challenges are further compounded by the geographical, cultural, linguistic, and socio-economic diversity within tribal populations. One particular area that urgently requires attention in terms of tribal education is the Tulail Valley, a sub-valley of Gurez in the Jammu and Kashmir union territory, nestled in the Himalayas. This valley is inhabited by the Dard tribe, who speak Shina, a branch of the Dardic languages. This community possesses a rich and unique cultural heritage, but unfortunately, they also face poverty, isolation, and marginalization. This research paper aims to investigate the state of institutional infrastructure and the complex challenges confronted by tribal students, with a specific emphasis on the status of elementary education in the Tulail Valley. By conducting a thorough analysis of the educational landscape, this study employs a natural inquiry design, utilizing information blanks, field notes, surveys and interviews as the primary methods for data collection. The aim is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the issues at hand. The study's findings shed light on the poor institutional infrastructural, lack of professional teachers, accommodation and many other unfolded challenges that hinder the accessibility and quality of education in the Tulail Valley. Furthermore, it explores potential strategies and interventions to address these challenges and promote inclusive and sustainable tribal education in the Tulail Valley.

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 Keywords

Tribal Education, Tulail Valley, Institutional Infrastructure, Quality of Education.

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 Abstract

Traditional drug delivery systems lack precise control over drug release patterns and the absorption of drug concentrations at the target site. An inherent issue with traditional dosage forms is the indistinct concentration of the drug in plasma. In response to these challenges, researchers and pharmaceutical scientists have dedicated their efforts to enhancing drug delivery systems, leading to the emergence of Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS). NDDS employs innovative approaches and technologies to achieve controlled drug release at low concentrations, often following a zero-order release pattern. A significant advancement within NDDS is the development of Implantable Drug Delivery Systems (IDDS). IDDS represents a novel approach to drug delivery, ensuring controlled release at the specific implantation site. This study delves into the mechanism of drug release from implantable therapeutic systems, preparation evaluation parameters, and prospects of the implantable drug delivery system (IDDS).

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 Keywords

Implants, Polymers in implants, Methods, mechanism, Evaluation of Implant.

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 Abstract

English has long been a language of modernity which allows growth, power, position, etc. It has been a medium with which parents craze their children to educate so that their children can be on par with the world. It has also been taught as a second language in schools, colleges, and universities. The learners due to their cultural variations, long-kept habit and attitude towards learning English have failed to be the apt users of it and the result is the final loss they have to bear in the jobs which they wish to opt from the market with high perks. The diversity of the students' socio-cultural background, motivation and interests, learning styles, differing personalities and behaviour patterns. Tribals face many problems while learning English the face acute problem as they have their own language too for communication. This study has focused on the problem of tribal students in learning English as a second language. The attempt has been made to find out the obvious reasons for the failure in the learning of English. The purposive random sample technique was used in the present study to select the sample of 300 students from different Schools drawn purposively from Mahabubnagar district of Telangana state. In this sample 150 tribal boys and 150 tribal Girls were selected from Government, Private schools. The researchers has followed Descriptive survey method to conduct the study and taken the help of research tool like questionnaire, to collect information from the subjects. The data was subjected to statistical treatment by using percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, and 't' test The results show that the tribal students face innumerable problems in learning English.

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 Keywords

Tribal students, Problems of learning English, second language, Location, and Management

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Distance education is quickly becoming a more popular option to traditional classroom settings, which will enhance access to higher education both domestically and globally. Using a multimedia approach to training, distance education sets itself apart from traditional teaching-learning methods. The goal of the current study is to investigate how distant learners feel about using multimedia to teach. The Indira Gandhi National Open University accepted participants into a variety of its programs. Out of the 1200 pupils that were given an attitude scale (Thurstone type), only 243 of them answered. A mean attitude score of 7.17 was found through data analysis, suggesting that respondents had a favorable propensity to learn using a multimedia approach. Additional investigation is necessary in this domain to examine the mindset of students in diverse remote learning environments. It would assist remote educators in motivating students, lowering attrition rates significantly, and extending the reach of education via distance learning.

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 Keywords

attitude of distance learner, attitude scale, multimodal approach to instruction

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Sanitation is a necessity for a healthy life (George: 2008). Access to basic amenities such as safe drinking water and sanitation is not only an important measure of socio-economic status of the household, but also a fundamental element to the health of the people. In India, access to improved sanitation remains far lower as compared to many other countries. In rural areas, the scale of the problem is particularly daunting as 74 percent of the rural population still defecates in the open. Individual health and hygiene is dependent largely on adequate availability of drinking water and proper sanitation. There is, therefore, a direct relationship between water, sanitation and health. In this light the aim of present study was to evaluate the Sanitation and Public Health services that provided to the people in rural Punjab. The main objective was to evaluate the views of villagers towards sanitation and health status conditions, programmes related to sanitation and health and scope of improvement in such programmes. The study was based on the survey of 120 respondents, selected through simple random sampling.

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Open Defecation Free Programme (ODF), Santitaion, Public Health and Hygiene

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India is poised to emerge as a significant player in the carbon market, particularly in the domain of carbon farming credits, owing to its extensive agricultural land and substantial potential for carbon removal and storage. Priced at approximately $10 per metric ton and with estimated emission reductions of 3 metric tons per hectare, the market's potential value in India surpasses $5 billion if extended nationwide. This paper explores India's promising position in the carbon market, examining factors such as policy changes, the prospect of a national carbon pricing regime, and strengthened international collaborations. The anticipated growth in awareness and capacity development activities is expected to foster a more inclusive and dynamic carbon market. By integrating cutting-edge technology and innovative solutions, India is poised to lead in climate innovation. The paper also emphasizes the holistic approach of India's carbon market, aligning with sustainable development goals, pursuing adaptation measures, and encouraging voluntary carbon reduction initiatives by businesses. The conclusion underscores the potential revolutionary impact of India's carbon market, contributing significantly to global climate objectives while promoting economic growth and social well-being, contingent on regulatory clarity, financial tools, and a commitment to inclusion.

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 Keywords

India, carbon market, carbon farming credits, emission reductions, sustainable development, climate resilience, policy environments, national carbon pricing, international partnerships, awareness, capacity development, technology integration, innovation, adaptation measures, voluntary carbon reduction, regulatory clarity, economic growth, social well-being.

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Fluoroscopy experts, constantly exposed to X-ray radiation, face an elevated risk of radiation-induced cancer. This study aimed to assess the safety measures employed by medical personnel, particularly those working in gastroenterology theaters, to mitigate the risks associated with prolonged radiation exposure. The survey encompassed patients and medical professionals involved in fluoroscopic procedures. Observations were made on individuals, including patients, radiation technologists, radiologists, surgeons, and students, all wearing radiation protection clothing. A total of 30 patients and 17 medical professionals were observed during the study. Fluoroscopy suites are equipped with various shields, such as table skirts, ceiling-suspended shielding, and mobile shields on wheels, designed to reduce scatter radiation from patients--a primary source of operator exposure. Essential radiation protection garments, such as leaded aprons and thyroid shields, are crucial for personnel in fluoroscopy settings, providing both comfort and adequate protection. Observations on patients revealed that 49.80% used thyroid shields, 42.7% used gonad shields, 97.6% employed collimators to reduce scatter radiation, and 100% utilized filters. Surprisingly, lead aprons were not used on patients, as they would obstruct the target area. Among medical professionals 63% of radiation technologists used lead gloves, all medical professionals wore lead aprons, 45% of surgeons used thyroid shielding, and none used lead goggles during the investigation. In conclusion, the study found that all observed medical professionals demonstrated good work practices and possessed sufficient knowledge about radiation protection and protective apparel. However, the need for scheduled training on radiation protection devices and the effects of radiation on patients and personnel, mandated by various regulatory bodies, was emphasized.

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Lead Apron, Thyroid Shield, Lead Gloves, Tube Curtain, Collimator, Filters

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 Abstract

In the present work, mucoadhesive nasal microspheres containing clozapine were formulated and evaluated for increasing its bioavailability in cerebrospinal fluid. Clozapine is an antipsychotic agent that is of BCS class II, hence needs to improve its bioavailability at the central nervous system CNS). To make the drug delivery system safer, natural ingredients were used. Various natural polymers and cross-linkers were screened. Starch is a natural polymer crosslinked with citric acid as natural crosslinker. Clozapine-loaded cross-linked starch microspheres (CSMs) were successfully developed for intranasal delivery for CNS targeting using single emulsion cross-linking method. Ex-vivo mucoadhesion study and In-vivo brain targeted study have been carried out using prepared CSMs. More than 90% mucoadhesive strength was achieved using starch as a natural polymer. Noncompartmental analysis was carried out to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. Clozapine concentration was analyzed in both plasma and CSF using HPLC analysis. There was a 1.5-fold increase in the bioavailability of clozapine when administered intranasally. Drug targeting efficiency (DTE %) and Drug targeting potential (DTP %) were calculated. There was a 2.4-fold increase in % DTE and a 2.04-fold increase in % DTP for CSMs as compared to clozapine. In-vivo studies showed increased relative bioavailability with the nasal route as compared to the oral route. The intranasal route has helped to attain significant therapeutic levels of the antipsychotic drug in the Cerebrospinal fluid by surpassing the blood-brain barrier and hepatic first-pass effect.

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 Keywords

Clozapine, Mucoadhesion, Intranasal, Bioavailability.

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