Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Abstract : A new antimony(III) complex with a salicylaldehyde-based N-thiohydrazone ligand has been synthesized and characterized. The Schiff base ligand, salicylaldehyde-p-toluidine-N-thiohydrazone (HSalptth), was prepared by the condensation of salicylaldehyde with p-toluidine-N-thiohydrazide and isolated as a cream-white crystalline solid. Reaction of the ligand with antimony trichloride in methanol afforded the bis(salicylaldehyde-p-toluidine-N-thiohydrazonato)antimony(III) complex, [Sb(Salptth)(HSalptth)], as a white granular precipitate. The ligand and its antimony(III) complex were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, and spectroscopic techniques including FT-IR, UV-Visible, and ^1H NMR spectroscopy. Spectral studies indicate coordination of the ligand to the Sb(III) center through the azomethine nitrogen and thiolate sulfur atoms, suggesting a bidentate chelating mode. The complex is found to be non-electrolytic in nature and exhibits a distorted coordination geometry around the antimony(III) ion. The biological activity of the ligand and its antimony(III) complex was evaluated against selected bacterial and fungal strains. The antimony(III) complex shows enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to the free ligand, which may be attributed to increased lipophilicity upon chelation. These results highlight the potential of salicylaldehyde-based thiohydrazone complexes of antimony(III) as biologically active coordination compounds.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Salicylaldehyde, p-Toluidine-N-thiohydrazone, Antimony(III)complex, Schiff base ligand,Spectroscopic characterization, Coordination chemistry, Antimicrobial activity

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Climate change is an emerging threat to global public health. One of the main causes of the global climate and environmental change is the unchecked expansion of towns and cities into the rural and natural areas around them, which in turn increases demand for additional natural resources. This study examined Raipur's loss of agricultural and natural land over the past 25 years, a time when urban areas have grown significantly and its impact on climate. The report highlights the detrimental effects of Raipur's previous disorganized urban and regional planning, which frequently included flexible ex-post solutions that favoured real estate market profits rather than avoiding ex-ante the unsustainable concerns. The aim is to demonstrate that the only way to more effectively promote sustainable land use practices is to reevaluate planning priorities and include policies that support ecological protection.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Urbanization, Climate Change, Urban Spread.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Music plays a central role in everything we do. It is a way to express our feelings; it can bring us comfort and relieve stress. Traditional recommendation systems for music typically consider a user's prior activity (listening history, searching patterns) and use predefined playlists. As a result, these systems do not necessarily reflect the current emotional state of the user, creating a mismatch between the recommendations provided and what users want to listen to at that moment. To resolve this problem, we are proposing a project called The Face-Based Song Recommendation System. Through the use of computer vision and artificial intelligence, our system will utilize facial expression recognition to deliver recommendations in real time. Users can capture their facial expressions with webcams or smartphones, and the system will utilize machine learning algorithms to classify their facial expressions into several emotions (happy, sad, angry, surprised, neutral, and afraid). After identifying the user's emotion, an engine will map the emotion to a genre or playlist that corresponds to that emotional state (for example, an uplifting playlist would be suggested for someone who is feeling sad, while a calm and peaceful playlist would be recommended for someone experiencing stress or anger). This innovative, emotion-based recommendation method provides a much more personalized experience than typical recommendation systems, which only provide a set of playlists with no personalization. This project will demonstrate the importance of using emotion-aware computing in song recommendations.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Facial Expression Recognition, Emotion-Based Recommendation, Machine Learning, Computer Vision, Personalized Music System, Real-Time Emotion Detection

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study examined the emotional maturity of secondary school teachers in Vizianagaram District, Andhra Pradesh, and explored differences across selected demographic variables such as gender, locality, academic qualification, and teaching experience. Using a survey method, data were collected from a sample of 255 teachers drawn from urban, rural, and tribal schools. Emotional maturity was measured using the standardized Emotional Maturity Scale developed by Singh and Bhargava, consisting of five factors: Emotional Stability, Emotional Progression, Social Adjustment, Personality Integration, and Independence. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including t-tests and ANOVA, were employed for data analysis. The results revealed that a majority of teachers (66.27%) possessed high emotional maturity. Significant differences were found across gender, locality, academic qualification, and years of teaching experience. Female, rural, postgraduate, and more experienced teachers exhibited significantly higher emotional maturity compared to their counterparts. These findings highlight the influence of demographic and professional factors on teachers' emotional maturity and underscore the importance of integrating emotional competence training in teacher education and professional development programs.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Emotional Maturity, Secondary School Teachers, Demographic Variables, Teaching Experience, Professional Competence.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Vocational education in India has historically occupied a marginal position within the schooling system, often perceived as inferior to academic education and often associated with social stigma. This marginalisation has contributed to skill mismatches, youth unemployment, and a persistent disconnect between education and the world of work. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCFSE 2023) represent a significant paradigm shift by envisioning vocational education as an integral component of mainstream schooling rather than a peripheral alternative. This paper examines how these policy frameworks seek to reposition vocational education through early integration, curricular restructuring, experiential pedagogy, and flexible learning pathways. Using policy analysis as a methodological lens, the study explores the opportunities created by this shift--such as enhanced employability, learner engagement, and educational equity--while also identifying key challenges related to implementation, teacher preparedness, infrastructure, and societal attitudes. The paper argues that although NEP 2020 and NCFSE 2023 provide a robust and progressive framework for mainstreaming vocational education, the success of this transformation depends on sustained systemic support and a fundamental change in educational mindsets.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Vocational Education, Mainstream Schooling, NEP 2020, NCFSE 2023

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The ancient Ayurvedic text Sushruta Samhita describes wound management in the Vranitopasaniya Adhyaya, emphasizing various herbal and oil-based preparations for effective healing. However, these formulations still require systematic scientific validation. This case study presents an integrative Ayurvedic approach for managing a chronic non-healing wound arising from an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). A 58-year-old female presented with an ulcer on the dorsum of the right foot, characterized by mild pain, edema, and eczematous changes, persisting for approximately three months (90 days). The underlying condition was suggestive of AVM over the plantar aspect of the same foot, with a documented history of approximately 10 years, characterized by recurrent episodes of bleeding ulcers. An Ayurvedic treatment protocol was administered over a period of 90 days, involving daily wound cleaning with Betadine solution and daily dressing with topical application of Ropan Taila, ShodhanTail, Yashtimadhu Ghrita along the period. Oral medications included Yograj Guggulu (500 mg, twice daily), Sukshma Triphala Vati (400 mg, twice daily), Aarogyavardhini Vati (400mg, twice daily), Chandraprabha Vati (400 mg,twice daily), Gandhak Rasayan, Lohasav and Mahamanjishthadi Kadha (7 ml, twice daily). Clinical assessment were conducted at baseline (day 0) and subsequently on days 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90. The treatment demonstrated marked improvement in wound epithelialization, reduction in exudates, and absence of allergic or adverse reactions, supporting the efficacy of ayurvedic medicines in chronic wound management.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Non-healing wound, Arteriovenous Malformation, Ropan Taila, ShodhanTail, Yashtimadhu Ghrita

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Higher education institutions in Arunachal Pradesh face persistent challenges in delivering standard undergraduate syllabi due to unreliable electricity supply, limited digital infrastructure, difficult terrain, and dispersed student populations. While national policies increasingly promote technology-enabled learning, such models often fail to account for the realities of low-resource educational environments. This paper presents a practitioner-based reflective study of a low-cost blended learning framework implemented over two academic years across multiple colleges in Arunachal Pradesh. The framework integrates face-to-face instruction using blackboard-based visual scaffolding with asynchronous reinforcement through WhatsApp and peer-generated learning artifacts. Using reflective classroom observation and teaching documentation, the study analyses how instructional continuity, student participation, and inclusivity were sustained during recurring infrastructural disruptions. The findings demonstrate that blended learning, when redefined through low-technology and context-sensitive tools, functions as a resilience mechanism rather than a technology-intensive intervention. The study offers a practical and scalable model aligned with the objectives of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 for higher education institutions operating under severe infrastructural constraints.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blended Learning, Low-Resource Pedagogy, WhatsApp-Based Learning, Arunachal Pradesh, Digital Divide, NEP 2020

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

GST 1. O refers to the GST which was implemented on 1st July 2017. GST 2. O refers to the GST reforms which were implemented on 22nd September 2025 following the 56th GST council meeting, held on September 3, 2025, in New Delhi where the proposals like automated refunds, GST Appellate Tribunal, Simplified Registration, Place of Supply Rules, Simple rates of GST were approved. GST rates on 33 Life savings, Health Insurance Scheme, Essential Commodities, Education and Automobile products were reduced and the tax rate on luxury and sin goods was kept higher than previous tax rates. The study aims to find whether it will be beneficial to the consumers and producers. The study will also provide insight into whether GST 2. O will increase the domestic consumption of goods & services and collection of tax by the government. The research is based on exploratory research methods. It was found that GST 2. O will increase domestic consumption in future and business will expand due to easy compliances with GST 2.O, though it may have the possibility of short-term revenue loss for the Indian Government. In the long-term, the Indian economy will be benefited.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

GST 1. O, GST 2.O, GST rate, GDP, Sectors of Economy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Medieval Assam, especially under the Ahom rule (13th-18th centuries), witnessed the emergence of sophisticated ecological knowledge system embodied in its water management practices. Although the practice of tank & pond construction existed before, it was during the Ahom era that water management evolved into a well-organised & state sponsored ecological practice. The large artificial tanks constructed by Ahom kings & queens highlighted the Ahom's close relationship with nature & their understanding of environmental balance. This paper investigates the engineering & ecological wisdom embedded in such traditional water systems, their construction techniques & societal role & ecological impact -- long term environmental impact offering valuable insights for present day Assam, which is frequently confronted by floods, water scarcity & climate change.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ahom, Pukhuri, Water management

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Companies make product for consumption. The main goal of the companies is to make the product available to the end user safely and undamaged. To product must be protected and safe during transport, storage and distribution, and must be in a good condition. The packaging not only protects the product but also helps with marketing, advertising and consumer information. Different products with their unique feature require different packaging methods. The product must move safely in the warehouse and in the production process. The packaging ensures the safety of the product throughout the process. Different products require different types of packaging materials such as plastic, wood, paper, metal, fabric, etc. Depending on the items or products to be protected, packaging components come in different sizes, shapes, and materials. Throughout the packaging process, most of the packaging materials are treated as waste. Due to increasing consumption, packaging waste accumulates everywhere. These wastes damage nature and affect human health. This paper is an attempt to explore eco-friendly packaging materials, their importance and importance for sustainable development.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ecofriendly Packaging, Packaging Material, Sustainable Development

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition